<p>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing has garnered significant attention due to its low background noise, rapid response, and operational simplicity. Given the typically low analyte concentrations in PEC analysis, signal amplification strategies are essential for enhancing detection sensitivity and reliability while minimizing environmental noise and interference. This review provides a concise overview of the PEC sensing mechanism, including fundamental processes, photoactive materials, biorecognition components, and sensing instrumentation. It then delves into recent advancements in tailored signal amplification methodologies for PEC sensing applications. Finally, the review discusses future research directions and unresolved challenges in PEC sensing, offering potential solutions with broader applicability to diverse sensing techniques.</p>