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<p>Urban wind energy has strong potential to support sustainable city development, yet low-speed permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) remain hindered by cogging torque during startup and under weak wind conditions. Previous studies have shown that individual geometric modifications can reduce cogging torque, but they leave uncertainty regarding which coordinated stator-rotor strategy is most robust across different slot-pole combinations for urban micro-wind operation. This theoretical study numerically evaluates four radial-flux PMSG configurations, namely 24s4p, 24s8p, 36s4p, and 36s12p, using finite element analysis supported by analytical comparison, mesh-convergence assessment, sensitivity checks, and load-range evaluation. The baseline 36s4p model showed the lowest initial cogging torque at 0.622 Nm, whereas the 24s4p configuration provided the greatest optimization headroom. Slot chamfering yielded up to 14.15% potential reduction in cogging torque, stator skewing yielded up to 97.31% and 98.65% for the 24s4p and 24s8p models, and bread-loaf rotor magnets yielded up to 69.10% for the 24s4p model. The combined stator-rotor strategy reduced cogging torque in the 24s4p generator from 1.523 Nm to 0.014 Nm, corresponding to a 99.08% potential reduction while retaining acceptable air-gap flux density. These results indicate strong potential for coordinated geometric optimization to improve the low-speed operating practicality of urban wind PMSGs.</p>

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Optimization of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Under Low and Urban Wind Profiles via Stator-Rotor-Modification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Teh Man Ni,
  • Tan Jian Ding,
  • Lee Yan Kang,
  • Mohammadmahdi Ariannejad,
  • Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan,
  • Tee Wei Hown

摘要

Urban wind energy has strong potential to support sustainable city development, yet low-speed permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) remain hindered by cogging torque during startup and under weak wind conditions. Previous studies have shown that individual geometric modifications can reduce cogging torque, but they leave uncertainty regarding which coordinated stator-rotor strategy is most robust across different slot-pole combinations for urban micro-wind operation. This theoretical study numerically evaluates four radial-flux PMSG configurations, namely 24s4p, 24s8p, 36s4p, and 36s12p, using finite element analysis supported by analytical comparison, mesh-convergence assessment, sensitivity checks, and load-range evaluation. The baseline 36s4p model showed the lowest initial cogging torque at 0.622 Nm, whereas the 24s4p configuration provided the greatest optimization headroom. Slot chamfering yielded up to 14.15% potential reduction in cogging torque, stator skewing yielded up to 97.31% and 98.65% for the 24s4p and 24s8p models, and bread-loaf rotor magnets yielded up to 69.10% for the 24s4p model. The combined stator-rotor strategy reduced cogging torque in the 24s4p generator from 1.523 Nm to 0.014 Nm, corresponding to a 99.08% potential reduction while retaining acceptable air-gap flux density. These results indicate strong potential for coordinated geometric optimization to improve the low-speed operating practicality of urban wind PMSGs.