<p>This study explores the integration of renewable energy into sustainable production-inventory models under fluctuating demand patterns and uncertain environmental conditions. A fuzzy logic-based approach models monsoon demand uncertainty, incorporating learning effects and carbon cap-and-trade policies. Ten numerical examples illustrate the model's applicability, with sensitivity analysis evaluating renewable energy adoption's impact on cost optimization and carbon footprint reduction. Numerical results show that learning in a fuzzy environment yields better results with carbon cap-and-trade policies, and waste management investments positively impact sustainability. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners, highlighting the benefits of renewable energy integration and sustainable practices in inventory management.</p>