<p>While <b>c</b>arbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology often face economic challenges, CCU <i>via</i> carbon mineralization with solid waste offers a cost-effective solution. In this work, the feasibility of a proposed CCU process that utilizes captured CO<sub>2</sub> from the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process to mineralize cement kiln dust (CKD) to produce a green brick termed CKD-bicarbonate lime brick (CKD-BLB) was evaluated with techno-economic analysis (TEA). The main variable that affects the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed CCU process is the absorber size, as it dictates the amount of captured CO<sub>2</sub> and producible CKD-BLB. This variable also indirectly impacts the environmental aspect, as different absorber sizes contribute to varying degrees of CO<sub>2</sub> avoidable. Thus, this work conducts a multi-objective stochastic optimization to determine the optimal absorber size with consideration of profitability and CO<sub>2</sub> avoidance. It was found that the optimal absorber size of 67.93 m<sup>3</sup> achieved a maximum NPV of $ 3,165.38&#xa0;million with a desirable CO<sub>2</sub> avoidance of 21,337.41 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{M}\text{T}}_{{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Although increasing the absorber size to 93.96 m<sup>3</sup> would increase the process’s avoidable CO<sub>2</sub> by 2.87%, the 3.22% drop in its NPV result is a less favorable tradeoff between the two aspects. A sensitive analysis was also conducted, and the results indicate that among CKD-BLB price, electricity cost and water cost, the CKD-BLB price is the most sensitive parameter affecting the NPV of the proposed process. A ± 50% variation in CKD-BLB price leads to more than a 100% shift in NPV, while at a ± 50% variation in electricity and water costs results in less than a 30% change. Overall, the insights generated in this work enable strategic planning for decisions making.</p>

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Stochastic Techno-Economic and Environmental Optimization of Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) from Cement Plant for Green Brick Production

  • Slyvester Yew Wang Chai,
  • Bing Shen How,
  • Lock Hei Ngu

摘要

While carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology often face economic challenges, CCU via carbon mineralization with solid waste offers a cost-effective solution. In this work, the feasibility of a proposed CCU process that utilizes captured CO2 from the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process to mineralize cement kiln dust (CKD) to produce a green brick termed CKD-bicarbonate lime brick (CKD-BLB) was evaluated with techno-economic analysis (TEA). The main variable that affects the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed CCU process is the absorber size, as it dictates the amount of captured CO2 and producible CKD-BLB. This variable also indirectly impacts the environmental aspect, as different absorber sizes contribute to varying degrees of CO2 avoidable. Thus, this work conducts a multi-objective stochastic optimization to determine the optimal absorber size with consideration of profitability and CO2 avoidance. It was found that the optimal absorber size of 67.93 m3 achieved a maximum NPV of $ 3,165.38 million with a desirable CO2 avoidance of 21,337.41 \({\text{M}\text{T}}_{{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}}\) . Although increasing the absorber size to 93.96 m3 would increase the process’s avoidable CO2 by 2.87%, the 3.22% drop in its NPV result is a less favorable tradeoff between the two aspects. A sensitive analysis was also conducted, and the results indicate that among CKD-BLB price, electricity cost and water cost, the CKD-BLB price is the most sensitive parameter affecting the NPV of the proposed process. A ± 50% variation in CKD-BLB price leads to more than a 100% shift in NPV, while at a ± 50% variation in electricity and water costs results in less than a 30% change. Overall, the insights generated in this work enable strategic planning for decisions making.