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<p>In the era of sustainable development, an increasing number of industries are eager to incorporate green and intelligent production methods into supply chains. This paper presents a holistic comprehensive inventory model encompassing smart production technology, items preservation actions, and greenhouse gas emission factors. The model considers that demand in the marketplace is driven by the stock level currently available and the selling price, as real consumers would be determined by both factors. The inventory model incorporates a preservation process to minimize product degradation over time, as well as the environment effect of production in terms of carbon emissions. An optimization model is formulated to find the most efficient production rate, retail price, and preservation effort level that minimize overall cost subject to environmental constraints. Sensitive analysis is undertaken to explore the effect of major input variables on the optimal control strategy. Numerical simulations were performed under various probabilistic assumptions for defect rates, including uniform, double triangular, chi-squared, and triangular distributions. Among these, the triangular distribution produced the most cost-effective result, with an optimal production rate of 347.283 units/year, preservation investment of 203.868 USD/year, and a minimum total cost of 478,107 USD. This scenario demonstrates that higher investment in preservation technology can significantly reduce deterioration and emission-related losses. The suggested model offers useful guidelines for decision-makers who seek to reconcile economic profitability with environmental concern in a smart manufacturing setting.</p>

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Optimizing Smart Production and Inventory Decisions Under Variable Demand with Preservation Constraints and Carbon Emission Considerations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • D. Deepi,
  • S. R. Singh,
  • Monika Vishnoi

摘要

In the era of sustainable development, an increasing number of industries are eager to incorporate green and intelligent production methods into supply chains. This paper presents a holistic comprehensive inventory model encompassing smart production technology, items preservation actions, and greenhouse gas emission factors. The model considers that demand in the marketplace is driven by the stock level currently available and the selling price, as real consumers would be determined by both factors. The inventory model incorporates a preservation process to minimize product degradation over time, as well as the environment effect of production in terms of carbon emissions. An optimization model is formulated to find the most efficient production rate, retail price, and preservation effort level that minimize overall cost subject to environmental constraints. Sensitive analysis is undertaken to explore the effect of major input variables on the optimal control strategy. Numerical simulations were performed under various probabilistic assumptions for defect rates, including uniform, double triangular, chi-squared, and triangular distributions. Among these, the triangular distribution produced the most cost-effective result, with an optimal production rate of 347.283 units/year, preservation investment of 203.868 USD/year, and a minimum total cost of 478,107 USD. This scenario demonstrates that higher investment in preservation technology can significantly reduce deterioration and emission-related losses. The suggested model offers useful guidelines for decision-makers who seek to reconcile economic profitability with environmental concern in a smart manufacturing setting.