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<p>The use of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as feedstock for biofuel generation represents a sustainable approach to treating POME, which is a major source of pollution. This study develops a systematic optimisation model to design sustainable bio-hydrogen pathways from POME using a multi-objective fuzzy framework that balances economic performance and greenhouse gas reduction. The optimal configuration integrates CSTR and UASB with a minor MBBR contribution, producing 41&#xa0;kg/hr of bio-H₂ with an environmental impact of 490&#xa0;kg CO₂-eq/hr and an economic performance of − 200,000 USD/year. Although not profitable at present, the breakeven price of 8.65 USD kg⁻¹ falls within regional projections under 10.97 USD kg⁻¹, suggesting potential competitiveness under realistic market conditions. The results highlight significant mitigation benefits and motivate future work on process improvements, cost reductions, and validation with pilot or industrial data.</p>

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A Fuzzy Optimisation Based Approach to Evaluate the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Biohydrogen Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Amna Qaisar,
  • Suyin Gan,
  • Nishanth G. Chemmangattuvalappil

摘要

The use of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as feedstock for biofuel generation represents a sustainable approach to treating POME, which is a major source of pollution. This study develops a systematic optimisation model to design sustainable bio-hydrogen pathways from POME using a multi-objective fuzzy framework that balances economic performance and greenhouse gas reduction. The optimal configuration integrates CSTR and UASB with a minor MBBR contribution, producing 41 kg/hr of bio-H₂ with an environmental impact of 490 kg CO₂-eq/hr and an economic performance of − 200,000 USD/year. Although not profitable at present, the breakeven price of 8.65 USD kg⁻¹ falls within regional projections under 10.97 USD kg⁻¹, suggesting potential competitiveness under realistic market conditions. The results highlight significant mitigation benefits and motivate future work on process improvements, cost reductions, and validation with pilot or industrial data.