<p>The land border of the Kingdom of Bohemia with the Duchy of Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate represented one of the critical contact lines in Central Europe during the early modern period. From a military point of view, for both countries the Bavarian and Upper Palatinate forests represented a highly strategic area that formed a natural defensive barrier and to a large extent guaranteed territorial integrity and security. The area’s importance was also enhanced by the fact that several crucial cross-border routes passed through it, for example, the “Golden Road” connecting the capital, Prague, with the Holy Roman Empire´s commercial center, Nuremberg, and the “Golden Path,” connecting Bohemia with Passau and the Danube. Movement across the land border was controlled from both sides by guards, customs, and tolls collected on roads. Since the end of the 16th century, field fortifications had been built strategically to deter the enemy and close border crossings and other strategic sections during local cross-border conflicts or wars. Solitary fortresses and lines of fortifications were most important in times of war, when they were often drawn into direct combat. As the situation on early modern battlefields changed, strongholds along the border were built alternately by the Czechs and the Bavarians. This article presents, comprehensively, these fortified positions from the 16th to the 18th centuries, many of which have survived to the present day and represent an essential source of information, not only about the warfare of the premodern era, but also about the development of the land border and the course of cross-border routes.</p>