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<p>DNA evidence recovered from crime scenes has been crucial in solving crimes for the past four decades. Securing forensic DNA samples is of utmost importance because tampering can have serious legal and ethical consequences. Molecular barcoding is an effective technique to detect evidence tampering. It involves inserting an encrypted DNA barcode in the evidence sample and then detecting it later during the analysis using a suitable amplification technique. A recently proposed molecular barcoding scheme is only effective in identifying a complete sample replacement attack. In this article, we introduce an advanced molecular barcoding scheme for securing forensic samples against a more stealthy, partial sample forgery performed by an expert attacker. With the help of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) carried out on a benchtop and a custom digital microfluidic biochip, we demonstrate that partial sample forgery results in measurable shifts in reaction dynamics. We further introduce a new security metric—inflection time—computed from the dynamics of LAMP reaction that distinguishes authentic samples from the forged ones. Our results show that this metric can detect instances of significant sample forgeries highlighting the feasibility of strengthening forensic DNA security against such attacks.</p>

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Detecting Partial Sample Forgery in DNA Forensics Using Molecular Barcoding on Digital Microfluidic Biochips

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Arun Sankar Eenhakkattu Mana,
  • Shiyi Jiang,
  • Tatjana Abaffy,
  • Hiroaki Matsunami,
  • Krishnendu Chakrabarty

摘要

DNA evidence recovered from crime scenes has been crucial in solving crimes for the past four decades. Securing forensic DNA samples is of utmost importance because tampering can have serious legal and ethical consequences. Molecular barcoding is an effective technique to detect evidence tampering. It involves inserting an encrypted DNA barcode in the evidence sample and then detecting it later during the analysis using a suitable amplification technique. A recently proposed molecular barcoding scheme is only effective in identifying a complete sample replacement attack. In this article, we introduce an advanced molecular barcoding scheme for securing forensic samples against a more stealthy, partial sample forgery performed by an expert attacker. With the help of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) carried out on a benchtop and a custom digital microfluidic biochip, we demonstrate that partial sample forgery results in measurable shifts in reaction dynamics. We further introduce a new security metric—inflection time—computed from the dynamics of LAMP reaction that distinguishes authentic samples from the forged ones. Our results show that this metric can detect instances of significant sample forgeries highlighting the feasibility of strengthening forensic DNA security against such attacks.