Purpose In the deep-sea neutrino telescope, potassium-40 (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{40}\textrm{K}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) is the main source of optical background. Because each Optical Module (OM) of the high-energy underwater neutrino telescope (HUNT) project uses a 20-inch Photomultiplier Tube (PMT), the single-channel counting rate of a single OM is much higher than that of the similar type of neutrino telescopes. Therefore, we need to design a new trigger algorithm to effectively suppress the background to meet the requirements of the detector. Methods In this work, Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the light noise induced by <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{40}\textrm{K}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> decay at the OM level. The trigger rate can be reduced to less than <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$10\,\textrm{kHz}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>kHz</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> using a complicated 2-level trigger algorithm we developed for high-energy neutrino event selection. Results and conclusion The selection efficiency of this algorithm exceeds <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$90\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>90</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for up-going neutrino events in which secondary particles deposit a total energy exceeding <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$40\,\textrm{TeV}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>40</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Consequently, this custom-designed 2-level trigger algorithm demonstrates remarkable efficacy in suppressing the <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{40}\textrm{K}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-induced background noise. Therefore, this trigger algorithm would be an ideal candidate for integration into the HUNT project.

Development of an efficient trigger algorithm for $^{40}\textrm{K}$ background rejection in the HUNT project

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年4月12日

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Peiyuan Chu,
Mingjun Chen,
Tianqi Huang,
Zike Wang,
Xiaohao You,
Cheng Liu,
Qinghong Zhang,
Zongkang Zeng,
Shuai Wang

摘要

Purpose

In the deep-sea neutrino telescope, potassium-40 ( $^{40}\textrm{K}$ $^{40} K$ ) is the main source of optical background. Because each Optical Module (OM) of the high-energy underwater neutrino telescope (HUNT) project uses a 20-inch Photomultiplier Tube (PMT), the single-channel counting rate of a single OM is much higher than that of the similar type of neutrino telescopes. Therefore, we need to design a new trigger algorithm to effectively suppress the background to meet the requirements of the detector.

Methods

In this work, Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the light noise induced by $^{40}\textrm{K}$ $^{40} K$ decay at the OM level. The trigger rate can be reduced to less than $10\,\textrm{kHz}$ $10 kHz$ using a complicated 2-level trigger algorithm we developed for high-energy neutrino event selection.

Results and conclusion

The selection efficiency of this algorithm exceeds $90\%$ $90 %$ for up-going neutrino events in which secondary particles deposit a total energy exceeding $40\,\textrm{TeV}$ $40 TeV$ . Consequently, this custom-designed 2-level trigger algorithm demonstrates remarkable efficacy in suppressing the $^{40}\textrm{K}$ $^{40} K$ -induced background noise. Therefore, this trigger algorithm would be an ideal candidate for integration into the HUNT project.

Development of an efficient trigger algorithm for \(^{40}\textrm{K}\) background rejection in the HUNT project

摘要