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Purpose <p>Previous findings demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy enhances the osteogenic potential of adipose stromal cells (at-SCs) under nonosteogenic conditions through autocrine signaling. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that PBM could also improve the therapeutic properties of at-SCs via paracrine mechanisms. This study investigated whether the conditioned medium (CM) containing the secretome obtained from laser irradiated at-SCs (CM<sup>PBM</sup>) could influence osteoblastic differentiation and bone repair.</p> Materials and methods <p>Cells were isolated from rats, cultured, and treated using PBM (660&#xa0;nm; 20 mW; 0.714&#xa0;W/cm<sup>2</sup>; 0.14&#xa0;J; 5&#xa0;J/cm²) following established protocols. The effects of CM<sup>PBM</sup> were assessed using an indirect coculture model to evaluate gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition. Additionally, critical-sized calvarial defects were treated with injections of CM or CM<sup>PBM</sup>, and bone repair was analyzed by micro-CT.</p> Results <p>CM<sup>PBM</sup> increased ALP and RUNX2 protein levels, as well as ALP activity, but did not significantly alter calcium deposition or bone volume parameters compared to Controls.</p> Conclusion <p>These results indicate that PBM improves early osteogenic responses of at-SCs through paracrine signaling but may be insufficient alone to promote bone regeneration in vivo. Future strategies may require optimizing PBM protocols or combining CM<sup>PBM</sup> with other factors to achieve clinically relevant outcomes.</p>

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Photobiomodulation for osteogenic differentiation based on secretome production in a cell-free environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Natália Pieretti Bueno,
  • Brenda Gabriele Silva,
  • Yan Pandolfo Torres Sousa,
  • Gabriela Dandaro Marinho,
  • Márcia Martins Marques,
  • Emanuela Prado Ferraz

摘要

Purpose

Previous findings demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy enhances the osteogenic potential of adipose stromal cells (at-SCs) under nonosteogenic conditions through autocrine signaling. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that PBM could also improve the therapeutic properties of at-SCs via paracrine mechanisms. This study investigated whether the conditioned medium (CM) containing the secretome obtained from laser irradiated at-SCs (CMPBM) could influence osteoblastic differentiation and bone repair.

Materials and methods

Cells were isolated from rats, cultured, and treated using PBM (660 nm; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm2; 0.14 J; 5 J/cm²) following established protocols. The effects of CMPBM were assessed using an indirect coculture model to evaluate gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition. Additionally, critical-sized calvarial defects were treated with injections of CM or CMPBM, and bone repair was analyzed by micro-CT.

Results

CMPBM increased ALP and RUNX2 protein levels, as well as ALP activity, but did not significantly alter calcium deposition or bone volume parameters compared to Controls.

Conclusion

These results indicate that PBM improves early osteogenic responses of at-SCs through paracrine signaling but may be insufficient alone to promote bone regeneration in vivo. Future strategies may require optimizing PBM protocols or combining CMPBM with other factors to achieve clinically relevant outcomes.