<p>Work stress remains a persistent threat to employee health, yet little is known about how individuals’ preventative health behaviors (PHBs) outside of work buffer its long-term effects. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we examine whether five PHBs—nutrition, exercise, sleep quality, alcohol use, and smoking frequency—moderate the relationship between work stress and general health. We conceptualize PHBs as proactive resource investments that may substitute for threatened or depleted resources and, conceptually, as components of a broader “resource caravan” that can sustain resilience under chronic stress. Using ten years of data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (<i>N</i> = 2,871), we estimated multilevel growth curve models in a working sample. Nutrition, sleep quality, and alcohol use moderated the negative associates between work stress and general health, with sleep quality emerging as the strongest buffer. Exercise and smoking frequency did not moderate the stress–health relationship when modeled alongside the other PHBs. In addition, better nutrition and sleep quality, more frequent exercise, and lower alcohol use were associated with better general health overall, whereas smoking frequency showed a weaker association. These findings extend COR theory by identifying specific health behaviors that conditionally protect health under prolonged work stress and highlight the potential value of targeted non-work interventions that support personal resource maintenance, particularly when structural changes to work are limited or slow to implement.</p>