Deterministic and stochastic analysis of noncommunicable diseases caused by food adulteration under organic food
摘要
The increasing prevalence of adulterated food has been linked to a range of health problems in humans. In response, the consumption of organic food has grown due to its perceived health benefits. This study proposes a novel stochastic eco-epidemiological model to investigate the spread of foodborne diseases in a population that has access to both adulterated and organic food. In the model, food is modeled as a population since its level changes over time due to production and consumption processes. It is treated as prey in the ecological sense, as it is consumed by the human population for survival and nutrition. Humans act as predators in this interaction. Human population is divided into two categories: susceptible and infected individuals. It is assumed that two types of food are available in the market, where disease is induced only by the consumption of adulterated food, while organic food contributes positively to health. The model employs a Holling type II functional response to describe the consumption of adulterated food by the susceptible population. We begin by analyzing the deterministic version of the model, establishing positivity and boundedness of the system. The equilibrium points and their existence conditions are derived, and the local as well as global stability of feasible equilibria are examined. Hopf bifurcation analysis is further carried out to explore the local dynamics near equilibrium states. To incorporate environmental variability, the model is extended into a stochastic framework, where the existence of a unique global positive solution is established. Lyapunov functions are then constructed to investigate the asymptotic stability of the equilibria. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to validate and illustrate the theoretical results.