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<p>Soil compaction forms a critical constraint in modern agriculture, resulting from the excessive usage of heavy machinery and inappropriate tillage practices, adversely affecting soil structure, water infiltration, root development and ultimately crop yield. This review systematically synchronized and critically analysed more than 100 research papers to examine the effects of conventional and conservation tillage systems on soil compaction and crop productivity. Unlike previous descriptive reviews, the present study integrates soil physical, chemical, and biological responses with plant growth and yield outcomes to provide a comprehensive understanding of compaction effects. The conventional tillage facilitates loosening of soil, but often leads to long-term sub-soil compaction. In contrast, the modern production machinery like no-till and happy seeder enhances soil porosity, biological activity and organic matter retention. The compacted layer in the 25–35&#xa0;cm or beyond affects root development, plant morphology and physiology in terms of root length, dry weight, and nutrient uptake. A comparative analysis of studies revealed that the impact of compaction varies with soil texture, moisture conditions, and machinery load, highlighting the need for site-specific management. Over the years, the practice of controlled traffic farming, site-specific tillage, application of organic amendments, bio-tillage and breeding compaction-resilient crops have yielded positive results. The integrated approach of mechanical, biological and genetic strategies can mitigate the compaction and improve the soil health in the long term. The review also identifies key research gaps, particularly the lack of long-term and region-specific studies, and emphasizes the need for integrated and adaptive management strategies. The review highlights the need for adaptive tillage approaches tailored to specific soil conditions, cropping systems, and environmental goals to sustain crop yield and maintain soil quality.</p>

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Impact of Compaction on Soil Properties, Plant Growth and Yield Potential: A Critical Approach for Sustainable Crop Production System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Tabasum Akhter,
  • Mohammad Muzamil,
  • Saqib Rashid,
  • Athar Bashir,
  • Hardeep Singh,
  • Sagar Malik,
  • Rizwan Ul Zama Banday

摘要

Soil compaction forms a critical constraint in modern agriculture, resulting from the excessive usage of heavy machinery and inappropriate tillage practices, adversely affecting soil structure, water infiltration, root development and ultimately crop yield. This review systematically synchronized and critically analysed more than 100 research papers to examine the effects of conventional and conservation tillage systems on soil compaction and crop productivity. Unlike previous descriptive reviews, the present study integrates soil physical, chemical, and biological responses with plant growth and yield outcomes to provide a comprehensive understanding of compaction effects. The conventional tillage facilitates loosening of soil, but often leads to long-term sub-soil compaction. In contrast, the modern production machinery like no-till and happy seeder enhances soil porosity, biological activity and organic matter retention. The compacted layer in the 25–35 cm or beyond affects root development, plant morphology and physiology in terms of root length, dry weight, and nutrient uptake. A comparative analysis of studies revealed that the impact of compaction varies with soil texture, moisture conditions, and machinery load, highlighting the need for site-specific management. Over the years, the practice of controlled traffic farming, site-specific tillage, application of organic amendments, bio-tillage and breeding compaction-resilient crops have yielded positive results. The integrated approach of mechanical, biological and genetic strategies can mitigate the compaction and improve the soil health in the long term. The review also identifies key research gaps, particularly the lack of long-term and region-specific studies, and emphasizes the need for integrated and adaptive management strategies. The review highlights the need for adaptive tillage approaches tailored to specific soil conditions, cropping systems, and environmental goals to sustain crop yield and maintain soil quality.