<p>Massive stars are significant sites for the weak s-process (ws-process). In metal-rich stars, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{16}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O are, respectively, the main neutron source and poison for the ws-process. In metal-poor stars, however, the abundance of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne is limited by metallicity, so the contribution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne(<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{25}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>25</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Mg reaction on the s-process is smaller. Conversely, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{17}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O(<InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{20}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>20</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne reaction becomes more prominent in these stars because of the most abundant <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{16}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O at all metallicities. In this study, we calculated the evolution of four metal-poor stars (<InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z=10^{-3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) for the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses of <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M (\textrm{ZAMS})=\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>ZAMS</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 15, 20, 25, and 30&#xa0;<i>M</i><InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_{\odot }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mo>⊙</mo> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to investigate the effect of reaction rates on the ws-process. We adopt the new <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{17}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O(<InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{20}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>20</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne and <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{17}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O(<InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha , \gamma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)<InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{21}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>21</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne reaction rates suggested by Best et al. (2013) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne(<InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{25}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>25</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Mg and <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne(<InlineEquation ID="IEq27"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha , \gamma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)<InlineEquation ID="IEq28"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{26}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>26</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Mg reaction rates from Wiescher et al. (2023). The yields of the s-process isotopes with the updated reaction rates are compared with the results using the default reaction rates from JINA REACLIB. We found that the new <InlineEquation ID="IEq29"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{17}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O+<InlineEquation ID="IEq30"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> reaction rates enhance the ws-process in all stages, whereas the new <InlineEquation ID="IEq31"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{22}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>22</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ne+<InlineEquation ID="IEq32"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> reaction rates enhance the ws-process only in the C and Ne burning stages. Updating these new reaction rates would increase the production of ws-process isotopes by tens of times. We also note that for more massive stars, the enhancement by the new <InlineEquation ID="IEq33"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{17}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O+<InlineEquation ID="IEq34"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> reaction rates becomes more significant.</p>

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The impact of new (\(\alpha\), n) reaction rates on the weak s-process in metal-poor massive stars

  • Wen-Yu Xin,
  • Chun-Ming Yip,
  • Ken’ichi Nomoto,
  • Xian-Fei Zhang,
  • Shao-Lan Bi

摘要

Massive stars are significant sites for the weak s-process (ws-process). In metal-rich stars, \(^{22}\) 22 Ne and \(^{16}\) 16 O are, respectively, the main neutron source and poison for the ws-process. In metal-poor stars, however, the abundance of \(^{22}\) 22 Ne is limited by metallicity, so the contribution of \(^{22}\) 22 Ne( \(\alpha\) α , n) \(^{25}\) 25 Mg reaction on the s-process is smaller. Conversely, the \(^{17}\) 17 O( \(\alpha\) α , n) \(^{20}\) 20 Ne reaction becomes more prominent in these stars because of the most abundant \(^{16}\) 16 O at all metallicities. In this study, we calculated the evolution of four metal-poor stars ( \(Z=10^{-3}\) Z = 10 - 3 ) for the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses of \(M (\textrm{ZAMS})=\) M ( ZAMS ) = 15, 20, 25, and 30 M \(_{\odot }\) to investigate the effect of reaction rates on the ws-process. We adopt the new \(^{17}\) 17 O( \(\alpha\) α , n) \(^{20}\) 20 Ne and \(^{17}\) 17 O( \(\alpha , \gamma\) α , γ ) \(^{21}\) 21 Ne reaction rates suggested by Best et al. (2013) and \(^{22}\) 22 Ne( \(\alpha\) α , n) \(^{25}\) 25 Mg and \(^{22}\) 22 Ne( \(\alpha , \gamma\) α , γ ) \(^{26}\) 26 Mg reaction rates from Wiescher et al. (2023). The yields of the s-process isotopes with the updated reaction rates are compared with the results using the default reaction rates from JINA REACLIB. We found that the new \(^{17}\) 17 O+ \(\alpha\) α reaction rates enhance the ws-process in all stages, whereas the new \(^{22}\) 22 Ne+ \(\alpha\) α reaction rates enhance the ws-process only in the C and Ne burning stages. Updating these new reaction rates would increase the production of ws-process isotopes by tens of times. We also note that for more massive stars, the enhancement by the new \(^{17}\) 17 O+ \(\alpha\) α reaction rates becomes more significant.