<p>Online continuous refueling is one of the main features of a pebble-bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (PB-HTR). During the normal operation of a PB-HTR, positive reactivity is mainly introduced through refueling, whereas negative reactivity is introduced through depletion. Therefore, evaluating the refueling reactivity coefficient is crucial for the safe and stable operation of PB-HTRs. In this study, the perturbation theory is used to calculate the refueling reactivity coefficient, and the effect of key parameters on the refueling reactivity coefficient is examined based on the HTR-PM equilibrium core. The refueling reactivity introduced into the reactor core is driven by the gradient of the nuclide atomic density, particularly <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathrm {^{235}U}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>235</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The neutron flux modulates the spatial distribution of the refueling reactivity. The loading fraction of the fresh fuel directly and positively influences the refueling reactivity coefficient. This study provides comprehensive insights into the effect of these parameters on the refueling of PB-HTRs, paving the way for efficient fuel management.</p>