<p>In the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei, the various long half-lives of Pu and Cm isotopes render them promising target materials for fusion reactions. Investigating the isotopic dependence of actinide targets is important for selecting optimal reaction systems. Based on the dinuclear system model, the impact of the target isotope is investigated for the reactions <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{48}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>48</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ca&#xa0;+&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{239,240,242,244}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>239</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>240</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>242</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>244</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Pu. The reaction systems with the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{242{-}248}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>242</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>248</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cm targets and the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{45}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>45</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Sc, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{50}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>50</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ti, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{51}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>51</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>V, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{54}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>54</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cr, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{55}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>55</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Mn projectiles are investigated for the synthesis of new isotopes <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{284-290}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>284</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>290</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ts, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{289-293,295}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>289</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>293</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>295</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Og, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{290{-}296}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>290</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>296</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>119, <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{293{-}299}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>293</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>299</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>120, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{294{-}300}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>294</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>300</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>121. The isotopic dependence of the Cm targets revealed an ascending trend of the maximal ER cross section coupled with an odd–even effect as the neutron number of the target increased, and the <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{247}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>247</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cm target emerged as promising for future experiments. The optimal reactions for producing new superheavy elements with <i>Z</i> = 119–121 are predicted to be the reactions <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{51}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>51</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>V&#xa0;+&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{245}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>245</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cm, <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{54}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>54</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cr&#xa0;+&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{247}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>247</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cm, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{55}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>55</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Mn&#xa0;+&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{247}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>247</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Cm with maximal ER cross sections of 144 fb, 0.877 fb, and 0.052 fb, respectively.</p>

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Investigation of the isotopic dependence in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei with plutonium and curium targets

  • Ming-Hao Zhang,
  • Mei-Chen Wang,
  • Ying Zou,
  • Gen Zhang,
  • Qing-Lin Niu,
  • Feng-Shou Zhang

摘要

In the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei, the various long half-lives of Pu and Cm isotopes render them promising target materials for fusion reactions. Investigating the isotopic dependence of actinide targets is important for selecting optimal reaction systems. Based on the dinuclear system model, the impact of the target isotope is investigated for the reactions \(^{48}\) 48 Ca +  \(^{239,240,242,244}\) 239 , 240 , 242 , 244 Pu. The reaction systems with the \(^{242{-}248}\) 242 - 248 Cm targets and the \(^{45}\) 45 Sc, \(^{50}\) 50 Ti, \(^{51}\) 51 V, \(^{54}\) 54 Cr, \(^{55}\) 55 Mn projectiles are investigated for the synthesis of new isotopes \(^{284-290}\) 284 - 290 Ts, \(^{289-293,295}\) 289 - 293 , 295 Og, \(^{290{-}296}\) 290 - 296 119, \(^{293{-}299}\) 293 - 299 120, \(^{294{-}300}\) 294 - 300 121. The isotopic dependence of the Cm targets revealed an ascending trend of the maximal ER cross section coupled with an odd–even effect as the neutron number of the target increased, and the \(^{247}\) 247 Cm target emerged as promising for future experiments. The optimal reactions for producing new superheavy elements with Z = 119–121 are predicted to be the reactions \(^{51}\) 51 V +  \(^{245}\) 245 Cm, \(^{54}\) 54 Cr +  \(^{247}\) 247 Cm, and \(^{55}\) 55 Mn +  \(^{247}\) 247 Cm with maximal ER cross sections of 144 fb, 0.877 fb, and 0.052 fb, respectively.