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<p>With the significant development of high-intensity hadron (proton and heavy ion) accelerator facilities, the space charge effect has become a major limiting factor for increasing beam intensity because it can drive particle resonance, forming beam halos and causing beam quality degradation or even beam loss. In studies on space charge, the particle-core model (PCM) has been widely adopted to describe halo particle formation. In this paper, we generalize the conventional PCM to include dispersion to investigate the physical mechanism of the beam halo in high-intensity synchrotrons. In particular, a “1:1 parametric resonance” driven by the combined effects of space charge and dispersion is identified. A large dispersion is proven to have a damping effect on the 2:1 parametric resonance. The analysis based on the generalized PCM agrees with particle-in-cell simulations. A beam halo with large mismatch oscillations is also discussed.</p>

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Space charge-driven resonant beam halo in high-intensity hadron synchrotrons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月20日

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  • Jia-Yin Du,
  • Yao-Shuo Yuan,
  • Morteza Aslaninejad,
  • Jing-Tong Du,
  • Ming-Yang Huang,
  • Sheng Wang

摘要

With the significant development of high-intensity hadron (proton and heavy ion) accelerator facilities, the space charge effect has become a major limiting factor for increasing beam intensity because it can drive particle resonance, forming beam halos and causing beam quality degradation or even beam loss. In studies on space charge, the particle-core model (PCM) has been widely adopted to describe halo particle formation. In this paper, we generalize the conventional PCM to include dispersion to investigate the physical mechanism of the beam halo in high-intensity synchrotrons. In particular, a “1:1 parametric resonance” driven by the combined effects of space charge and dispersion is identified. A large dispersion is proven to have a damping effect on the 2:1 parametric resonance. The analysis based on the generalized PCM agrees with particle-in-cell simulations. A beam halo with large mismatch oscillations is also discussed.