Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a soybean pest: morphological characterization, biology, host plants and management strategies
摘要
Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the “black armyworm”, is a native species of theAmericas, where it has been recorded approximately from latitude 10° north to 35° south, excluding Chile. It is a polyphagous species and a secondary pest of soybean and cotton crops. Because this species is not a target of Bt soybeans and cottons crops, it is one of the most abundant species of Lepidoptera attacking this technology in different regions and, thus, has the potential to cause yield losses. Its development is faster and its survival is greater when it feeds on soybeans and cotton than on other crops. Furthermore, thermal requirement models indicate that expected climate change conditions could trigger a significant southward latitudinal expansion toward temperate production zones. In this review, an update of its biology, morphology, identification, host plants and current control and pest management tools are presented. Because the occurrence of S. cosmioides has increased and caused damage to soybean crops no specific control methods have been developed yet. This review aims at increasingawarenessabout this pest and helping develop specific management strategies.