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<p><i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i>, a member of the family <i>Avsunviroidae</i>, is a widely distributed viroid infecting stone fruit trees; however, its presence in medlar (<i>Mespilus germanica</i> L.) has not previously been documented. This study investigated the occurrence and potential biological effects of <i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i> in medlar trees. total of 25 trees from a mixed orchard in Malatya, Türkiye, were analysed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i> was detected in 20% of the tested trees, all of which remained symptomless at sampling. Near-complete genome sequencing of the three isolates confirmed their placement within the Pelamoviroid latenspruni lineage. Pairwise nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the Turkish medlar isolates shared 88.5–92.2% identity among themselves and 88.4–94.8% identity with previously reported worldwide PLMVd isolates, indicating substantial genetic variability within the detected population. Field observations conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2024–2025) revealed no differences in flowering or harvest timing between infected and healthy trees. However, <i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i> infection was associated with significant alterations in fruit quality traits. Fruits from infected trees were significantly larger and firmer than those from healthy trees (P &lt; 0.05) and exhibited higher soluble solids content and pH together with lower titratable acidity (P &lt; 0.05). Peel colour parameters were also significantly affected, with infected fruits displaying darker pigmentation (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated clear separation between infected and healthy trees, with colour-related variables contributing most strongly to group discrimination. These findings demonstrate that <i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i> can persist latently in medlar while exerting measurable effects on fruit quality. This study expands the known host range of <i>Pelamoviroid latenspruni</i> and highlights the potential agronomic implications of asymptomatic viroid infections. These findings highlight the importance of considering latent viroid infections in fruit crop management and certification systems, as asymptomatic infections.</p>

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Medlar (Mespilus germanica) as a new natural host of Pelamoviroid latenspruni (PLMVd): effects on phenology and fruit quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Hatice Diğdem Oksal,
  • Mert Baran,
  • Şevval Adigüzel,
  • Seçil Seçmen,
  • Ezgi Orhan,
  • Derya Taşdemir Karaoğlan

摘要

Pelamoviroid latenspruni, a member of the family Avsunviroidae, is a widely distributed viroid infecting stone fruit trees; however, its presence in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) has not previously been documented. This study investigated the occurrence and potential biological effects of Pelamoviroid latenspruni in medlar trees. total of 25 trees from a mixed orchard in Malatya, Türkiye, were analysed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pelamoviroid latenspruni was detected in 20% of the tested trees, all of which remained symptomless at sampling. Near-complete genome sequencing of the three isolates confirmed their placement within the Pelamoviroid latenspruni lineage. Pairwise nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the Turkish medlar isolates shared 88.5–92.2% identity among themselves and 88.4–94.8% identity with previously reported worldwide PLMVd isolates, indicating substantial genetic variability within the detected population. Field observations conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2024–2025) revealed no differences in flowering or harvest timing between infected and healthy trees. However, Pelamoviroid latenspruni infection was associated with significant alterations in fruit quality traits. Fruits from infected trees were significantly larger and firmer than those from healthy trees (P < 0.05) and exhibited higher soluble solids content and pH together with lower titratable acidity (P < 0.05). Peel colour parameters were also significantly affected, with infected fruits displaying darker pigmentation (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated clear separation between infected and healthy trees, with colour-related variables contributing most strongly to group discrimination. These findings demonstrate that Pelamoviroid latenspruni can persist latently in medlar while exerting measurable effects on fruit quality. This study expands the known host range of Pelamoviroid latenspruni and highlights the potential agronomic implications of asymptomatic viroid infections. These findings highlight the importance of considering latent viroid infections in fruit crop management and certification systems, as asymptomatic infections.