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<p>The rice weevil, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L., (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of stored cereals, responsible for considerable quantitative and qualitative grain losses. Effective management of this pest is therefore imperative for ensuring food security. However, reliance on synthetic insecticides poses serious challenges due to environmental hazards, risks to human health, and the emergence of insecticide resistance. As an alternative, botanical pesticides offer eco-friendly solutions, as plants produce a wide spectrum of bioactive metabolites with insecticidal potential, particularly secondary metabolites that disrupt insect nutrition and reproduction. Against this background, the present study investigates the effects of ethanolic (MLEE), methanolic (MLEM) and aqueous extract (MLEW) of leaf of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. on the survival, reproductive performance, and digestive physiology of <i>S. oryzae</i>. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaf extracts revealed diverse bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, fatty acids, sterols, and alkaloids, which are associated with insecticidal, antifeedant, and oviposition-deterrent activities. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extracts exhibited strong insecticidal potential against <i>S. oryzae</i>, with the methanolic extract showing highest toxicity (LC₅₀ = 15.2&#xa0;mg L⁻¹). All extracts significantly reduced adult survival, fecundity, oviposition, and grain infestation, while demonstrating dose-dependent repellency. Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed reduced longevity in treated groups. Nutritional indices declined sharply, with negative relative consumption rate (RCR) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and digestive physiology was disrupted, as evidenced by elevated proteolytic activity and suppressed carbohydrase activities. These findings highlight <i>M. oleifera</i> Extracts as promising eco-friendly protectants for sustainable stored-grain management.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifaceted bioactivity of Moringa Oleifera leaf extracts on survival, reproduction, and digestive physiology of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Shaizee .,
  • Arshi Siddiqui,
  • Salman Ahmad,
  • Fazil Hasan

摘要

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of stored cereals, responsible for considerable quantitative and qualitative grain losses. Effective management of this pest is therefore imperative for ensuring food security. However, reliance on synthetic insecticides poses serious challenges due to environmental hazards, risks to human health, and the emergence of insecticide resistance. As an alternative, botanical pesticides offer eco-friendly solutions, as plants produce a wide spectrum of bioactive metabolites with insecticidal potential, particularly secondary metabolites that disrupt insect nutrition and reproduction. Against this background, the present study investigates the effects of ethanolic (MLEE), methanolic (MLEM) and aqueous extract (MLEW) of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. on the survival, reproductive performance, and digestive physiology of S. oryzae. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling of M. oleifera leaf extracts revealed diverse bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, fatty acids, sterols, and alkaloids, which are associated with insecticidal, antifeedant, and oviposition-deterrent activities. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts exhibited strong insecticidal potential against S. oryzae, with the methanolic extract showing highest toxicity (LC₅₀ = 15.2 mg L⁻¹). All extracts significantly reduced adult survival, fecundity, oviposition, and grain infestation, while demonstrating dose-dependent repellency. Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed reduced longevity in treated groups. Nutritional indices declined sharply, with negative relative consumption rate (RCR) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and digestive physiology was disrupted, as evidenced by elevated proteolytic activity and suppressed carbohydrase activities. These findings highlight M. oleifera Extracts as promising eco-friendly protectants for sustainable stored-grain management.

Graphical abstract