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<p>Rice is frequently threatened by bacterial blight caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (<i>Xoo</i>). Enhancing innate disease resistance offers a sustainable strategy to stabilize yields. The highly resistant rice line Y73 exhibits a faster and stronger immune response to <i>Xoo</i> compared to its susceptible parent Dalixiang (DLX), which shows minimal early responses. This study focuses on Y73, employing time-series transcriptome analysis during the immediate early infection stages with mock-inoculated controls to uncover key initial transcriptional changes. Transcriptional profiles were monitored at 0.5, 2, 6, and 24 h post-inoculation, comparing local (inoculated) and systemic (uninoculated) tissues to elucidate underlying regulatory mechanisms. A rapid downregulation of gene expression within 0.5 h indicated a shift from growth to defense. Distinct expression patterns of transcription factor families were observed between tissues. Most WRKY genes known to negatively regulate disease resistance were rapidly suppressed in local tissues shortly after infection, whereas positive regulatory transcription factors were predominantly activated at later stages in systemic tissues. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes, especially pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, were induced early. Among these, PR1 was upregulated in both local and systemic tissues, while other PR genes were primarily induced in systemic tissues after 2 h, indicating activation of SAR. Transcriptome data also showed a clear tissue-specific pattern of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, with ICS-related genes mainly induced in local leaves and PAL pathway genes predominantly upregulated in systemic tissues. These findings reveal dynamic spatiotemporal immune responses in resistant rice and provide valuable insights for rapid resistance evaluation by monitoring key gene expression changes shortly after infection, thereby supporting breeding efforts for disease resistance and yield stability.</p>

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Spatiotemporal transcriptomic dynamics of rice defense under bacterial blight challenge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Xiuli Liu,
  • Hui Deng,
  • Weijun Cui,
  • Rumeng Xu,
  • Zaozao Zhu,
  • Shaomin Wang,
  • Jie Zhou,
  • Hongjia Liu,
  • Haiyan He,
  • Chengqi Yan,
  • Wona Ding,
  • Yin Lu,
  • Xuming Wang

摘要

Rice is frequently threatened by bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Enhancing innate disease resistance offers a sustainable strategy to stabilize yields. The highly resistant rice line Y73 exhibits a faster and stronger immune response to Xoo compared to its susceptible parent Dalixiang (DLX), which shows minimal early responses. This study focuses on Y73, employing time-series transcriptome analysis during the immediate early infection stages with mock-inoculated controls to uncover key initial transcriptional changes. Transcriptional profiles were monitored at 0.5, 2, 6, and 24 h post-inoculation, comparing local (inoculated) and systemic (uninoculated) tissues to elucidate underlying regulatory mechanisms. A rapid downregulation of gene expression within 0.5 h indicated a shift from growth to defense. Distinct expression patterns of transcription factor families were observed between tissues. Most WRKY genes known to negatively regulate disease resistance were rapidly suppressed in local tissues shortly after infection, whereas positive regulatory transcription factors were predominantly activated at later stages in systemic tissues. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes, especially pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, were induced early. Among these, PR1 was upregulated in both local and systemic tissues, while other PR genes were primarily induced in systemic tissues after 2 h, indicating activation of SAR. Transcriptome data also showed a clear tissue-specific pattern of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, with ICS-related genes mainly induced in local leaves and PAL pathway genes predominantly upregulated in systemic tissues. These findings reveal dynamic spatiotemporal immune responses in resistant rice and provide valuable insights for rapid resistance evaluation by monitoring key gene expression changes shortly after infection, thereby supporting breeding efforts for disease resistance and yield stability.