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<p>Pomegranate wilt disease poses a major threat to orchard productivity globally. This study, conducted during 2018, 2019, and 2021 in Himachal Pradesh, India, consistently recorded high disease incidence in Kullu district, moderate levels in Mandi, and low occurrence in Solan. While the disease showed significant spatial variation, its incidence remained relatively stable over the years and older orchards were found more susceptible likely due to cumulative pathogens buildup or declining plant vigor. <i>Ceratocystis fimbriata</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> were identified as key pathogens. Cultural and morphological analyses revealed consistent traits within each species, with minor variations. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing confirmed species identity, showing limited genetic diversity among <i>C. fimbriata</i> isolates and moderate variation within <i>F. oxysporum</i>. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that <i>C. fimbriata</i> triggered early symptom expression on pomegranate seedlings, while co-inoculation with both pathogens accelerated disease onset and severity, suggesting a synergistic interaction. To mitigate disease impact, various organic extracts were evaluated at 1000, 2000, and 3000&#xa0;ppm under in vitro condition. Deodara and Brassica extracts at 3000&#xa0;ppm exhibited the strongest inhibition of mycelial growth in both pathogens, with all treatments significantly reducing mycelial development compared to the control. In field trials, applying these amendments as 10–15&#xa0;cm mulch or at 5&#xa0;kg per plot reduced <i>C. fimbriata</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i> populations (CFU/g) by up to 81% after 4 months. The study highlighted the potential of organic amendments as eco-friendly and sustainable options for managing pomegranate wilt and improving long-term orchard productivity.</p>

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Fungal decline in pomegranate orchards: exploring the role of organic amendments in reducing pathogen impact

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Mukesh,
  • Kishore Khosla,
  • Satish K. Sharma,
  • Aditi Sharma,
  • Anju Sharma,
  • Abhishek Sharma

摘要

Pomegranate wilt disease poses a major threat to orchard productivity globally. This study, conducted during 2018, 2019, and 2021 in Himachal Pradesh, India, consistently recorded high disease incidence in Kullu district, moderate levels in Mandi, and low occurrence in Solan. While the disease showed significant spatial variation, its incidence remained relatively stable over the years and older orchards were found more susceptible likely due to cumulative pathogens buildup or declining plant vigor. Ceratocystis fimbriata and Fusarium oxysporum were identified as key pathogens. Cultural and morphological analyses revealed consistent traits within each species, with minor variations. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing confirmed species identity, showing limited genetic diversity among C. fimbriata isolates and moderate variation within F. oxysporum. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that C. fimbriata triggered early symptom expression on pomegranate seedlings, while co-inoculation with both pathogens accelerated disease onset and severity, suggesting a synergistic interaction. To mitigate disease impact, various organic extracts were evaluated at 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm under in vitro condition. Deodara and Brassica extracts at 3000 ppm exhibited the strongest inhibition of mycelial growth in both pathogens, with all treatments significantly reducing mycelial development compared to the control. In field trials, applying these amendments as 10–15 cm mulch or at 5 kg per plot reduced C. fimbriata and F. oxysporum populations (CFU/g) by up to 81% after 4 months. The study highlighted the potential of organic amendments as eco-friendly and sustainable options for managing pomegranate wilt and improving long-term orchard productivity.