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<p>Bacterial blight (BB) caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo) limits rice productivity globally. Xoo attenuates host defense by directly translocating type III effectors (T3Es) into rice cytosol. Comprehensive knowledge of T3E-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of rice in response to Xoo infection remains limited. Here, we analyzed rice transcriptome profiles infected with an Indian virulent Xoo Race 4 relative to its T3SS-defective mutant strain (Xoo <i>∆hrpX</i>) at both early and late stages of infection. GO enrichment and pathway analysis identified many genes involved in phytohormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stresses, secondary metabolism, and developmental regulation. We identified 40 transcription factors (TFs), 50 immunoreceptors, 10 peroxidase and 10 pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, 9 cytochrome P450 oxidases, and many defense genes encoding expressed proteins with unknown function. In addition, we also observed T3SS-dependent induction of susceptibility genes, <i>SWEET6a</i>, <i>SWEET15</i>, and <i>MLO2</i>, previously reported as negative regulators of plant immunity, and may facilitate Xoo multiplication in rice plants. The expression of defense-related genes was also examined through RT-qPCR to validate the reliability of transcriptome data. This study provides insight into novel candidate defense genes and T3SS-mediated host manipulation and has direct implications for exploiting BB resistance by targeting resistance or susceptibility genes to achieve durable resistance.</p>

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Rice transcriptomic analysis provides novel insights into T3SS-mediated modulation of plant defense responses by the most virulent Indian race 4 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • M. Amrutha Lakshmi,
  • Aditya Kulshreshtha,
  • Kalyan K. Mondal,
  • N. S. Kalaivanan,
  • Pratap J. Handique,
  • Debashis Borbara,
  • Yuvika Rajrana,
  • Geeta Verma,
  • Ankita Bhattacharya,
  • Kishorekumar Reddy,
  • Madhvi Soni,
  • Thungri Ghoshal,
  • S. Mrutyunjaya,
  • E. R. Rashmi,
  • Sanjeev Kumar,
  • B. Sreenayana,
  • Chandra Mani

摘要

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) limits rice productivity globally. Xoo attenuates host defense by directly translocating type III effectors (T3Es) into rice cytosol. Comprehensive knowledge of T3E-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of rice in response to Xoo infection remains limited. Here, we analyzed rice transcriptome profiles infected with an Indian virulent Xoo Race 4 relative to its T3SS-defective mutant strain (Xoo ∆hrpX) at both early and late stages of infection. GO enrichment and pathway analysis identified many genes involved in phytohormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stresses, secondary metabolism, and developmental regulation. We identified 40 transcription factors (TFs), 50 immunoreceptors, 10 peroxidase and 10 pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, 9 cytochrome P450 oxidases, and many defense genes encoding expressed proteins with unknown function. In addition, we also observed T3SS-dependent induction of susceptibility genes, SWEET6a, SWEET15, and MLO2, previously reported as negative regulators of plant immunity, and may facilitate Xoo multiplication in rice plants. The expression of defense-related genes was also examined through RT-qPCR to validate the reliability of transcriptome data. This study provides insight into novel candidate defense genes and T3SS-mediated host manipulation and has direct implications for exploiting BB resistance by targeting resistance or susceptibility genes to achieve durable resistance.