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<p>This study developed an advanced encapsulation system using date kernel (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>) polysaccharides to optimize the efficacy of <i>Myrtus communis</i> essential oil (EO) against <i>Cryptolestes ferrugineus</i> in stored semolina. Unlike conventional single-method approaches with limited validation, we combined optimized nanoencapsulation via modified solvent evaporation using polysaccharide–gum arabic matrices (1:1:1, 0.5:1:1, and 0.25:1:1 w/w/w ratios) with essential oil in 350-mL glass containers containing 210&#xa0;g of semolina (1 adult beetle/10&#xa0;g substrate), using phosphine (3&#xa0;mg) as a positive control. Mortality rates were evaluated after 10 days under controlled conditions. The repellent effect of myrtle essential oil against <i>C. ferrugineus</i> was tested using a filter paper bioassay with doses of 0.5–2&#xa0;µL. Ethanolic date kernel extracts (2–6&#xa0;µL doses) and encapsulated oil (RP95 concentration) were similarly evaluated. <i>M. communis</i> essential oil was primarily composed of α-pinene (43.94%). Encapsulation efficiency reached 35.7%, with a loading capacity of 3.65%. The encapsulated oil caused 100% mortality and complete emergence inhibition in <i>C. ferrugineus</i> adults, while chemical treatment efficacy declined over storage. Date kernel solution showed moderate attractancy (Class III), while the essential oil and microcapsules performed better (Class IV). Encapsulated oils minimally affected semolina properties, whereas crude oil reduced protein by 2.32%, decreased ash by 10.98%, and increased moisture by 2.56% after 45&#xa0;days. This work presented a sustainable circular economy solution, transforming date pit waste into functional polysaccharide-based microcapsules for eco-friendly pest control.</p>

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Encapsulating Myrtus communis essential oil in date kernel polysaccharides: an innovative approach to controlling Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coléoptères: Laemophloeidés) (Stephens 1831)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Abir Soltani,
  • Tasnim Djebbi,
  • Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa

摘要

This study developed an advanced encapsulation system using date kernel (Phoenix dactylifera) polysaccharides to optimize the efficacy of Myrtus communis essential oil (EO) against Cryptolestes ferrugineus in stored semolina. Unlike conventional single-method approaches with limited validation, we combined optimized nanoencapsulation via modified solvent evaporation using polysaccharide–gum arabic matrices (1:1:1, 0.5:1:1, and 0.25:1:1 w/w/w ratios) with essential oil in 350-mL glass containers containing 210 g of semolina (1 adult beetle/10 g substrate), using phosphine (3 mg) as a positive control. Mortality rates were evaluated after 10 days under controlled conditions. The repellent effect of myrtle essential oil against C. ferrugineus was tested using a filter paper bioassay with doses of 0.5–2 µL. Ethanolic date kernel extracts (2–6 µL doses) and encapsulated oil (RP95 concentration) were similarly evaluated. M. communis essential oil was primarily composed of α-pinene (43.94%). Encapsulation efficiency reached 35.7%, with a loading capacity of 3.65%. The encapsulated oil caused 100% mortality and complete emergence inhibition in C. ferrugineus adults, while chemical treatment efficacy declined over storage. Date kernel solution showed moderate attractancy (Class III), while the essential oil and microcapsules performed better (Class IV). Encapsulated oils minimally affected semolina properties, whereas crude oil reduced protein by 2.32%, decreased ash by 10.98%, and increased moisture by 2.56% after 45 days. This work presented a sustainable circular economy solution, transforming date pit waste into functional polysaccharide-based microcapsules for eco-friendly pest control.