Morpho-molecular characterization of the generalist predator, big-eyed bug Geocoris ochropterus Fieber (Hemiptera: Geocoridae), for effective identification in agroecosystems
摘要
Identifying insect predators helps determine which species effectively regulate pest populations, a critical step in tailoring conservation strategies. Lygaeids such as chinch bugs, pameras and false chinch bugs are sometimes confused with big-eyed bugs, which are important predators. This study examined the morphology and morphometrics of Geocoris ochropterus Fieber, a generalist predator commonly found in various crop ecosystems. A detailed description of the morphology of the developmental stages is presented. In addition, illustrations of the successive stages are provided to show morphological details and compare the developmental changes in subsequent stages. Thirty-two and thirty-six morphological characters were measured across nymphs (I–V instars) and adults (males and females), respectively. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, principal component analysis for nymphs, adults and discriminant analysis for adults were employed. All measured characters showed significant increases from first instar to adult, with females generally larger than males. Results revealed that a single principal component explained 96% of variation in nymphal instars, while three components accounted for 91.4% of variation in adults. Discriminant analysis identified body width as a key distinguishing feature between adult males and females. The molecular analysis of the COI gene from our study (accession number PQ489345) showed a 99.88% similarity to the G. ochropterus sequence (LC536156.1). The sequences were submitted to NCBI Genbank. This comprehensive characterization provides a basis for accurate identification of G. ochropterus developmental stages and sexes, which is crucial for its potential use in biological control programs. The study contributes to the taxonomic understanding of G. ochropterus species and highlights the need for further morphological investigations of closely related taxa.