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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is one of the most important staple cereal crops globally, providing a major source of food and nutrition. However, wheat production is highly susceptible to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, which can lead to substantial yield losses. Among the biotic stresses, leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, represents a significant global threat to wheat cultivation. To assess the impact of this pathogen and identify resistant genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using an alpha lattice design. For leaf rust characterization, two key parameters, relative resistance index and average coefficient of infection were calculated to assess resistance levels. Genotypes were screened under controlled field conditions, with artificial inoculation exposing them to <i>Puccinia triticina</i> infection. Out of the 250 wheat genotypes evaluated, 33 exhibited resistance to <i>P. triticina</i>, 33 were categorized as moderately resistant, 149 as moderately susceptible, and 35 as fully susceptible. The GWAS was performed on a panel of 250 diverse wheat genotypes using 90&#xa0;K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays and trait data of leaf rust resistance. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed eighteen highly significantly associated SNPs with relative resistance index trait. These SNPs were located on mainly on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 5A, and 7A. The chromosome 7A SNP known as Kukri c19321 416 showed highest significant association with the relative resistance index trait. For the average coefficient of infection traits the chromosomes 5A (4) and 3B (5) had the most significant SNPs. Similarly the chromosome 7A, Kukri c19321 416 had the lowest P value for the trait. For thousand grain weight, eighteen SNPs showed significant association whereas nineteen SNPs were significantly associated for grain yield per plant. The chromosome 4A, <i>T. durum</i> contig11613 561 SNP depicted the highest significant association for grain yield per pant. These findings offer crucial insights for the genetic enhancement of wheat with improved rust resistance, an essential factor in safeguarding future wheat production against the ongoing threat posed by leaf rust.</p>

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Association mapping of leaf rust disease resistance and yield related traits in bread wheat using a high density 90K SNP array

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月8日

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  • Muhammad Rauf Shah,
  • Muhammad Ali Sher,
  • Salma Bashir,
  • Muhammad Zeshan Zafer,
  • Douglas Law,
  • Sania Begum,
  • Nasr Ullah Khan,
  • Mohamed Farouk Elsadek,
  • Khalid S. Al-Numair,
  • Daniel K. Y. Tan,
  • Muhammad Yasin

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple cereal crops globally, providing a major source of food and nutrition. However, wheat production is highly susceptible to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, which can lead to substantial yield losses. Among the biotic stresses, leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, represents a significant global threat to wheat cultivation. To assess the impact of this pathogen and identify resistant genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using an alpha lattice design. For leaf rust characterization, two key parameters, relative resistance index and average coefficient of infection were calculated to assess resistance levels. Genotypes were screened under controlled field conditions, with artificial inoculation exposing them to Puccinia triticina infection. Out of the 250 wheat genotypes evaluated, 33 exhibited resistance to P. triticina, 33 were categorized as moderately resistant, 149 as moderately susceptible, and 35 as fully susceptible. The GWAS was performed on a panel of 250 diverse wheat genotypes using 90 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays and trait data of leaf rust resistance. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed eighteen highly significantly associated SNPs with relative resistance index trait. These SNPs were located on mainly on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 5A, and 7A. The chromosome 7A SNP known as Kukri c19321 416 showed highest significant association with the relative resistance index trait. For the average coefficient of infection traits the chromosomes 5A (4) and 3B (5) had the most significant SNPs. Similarly the chromosome 7A, Kukri c19321 416 had the lowest P value for the trait. For thousand grain weight, eighteen SNPs showed significant association whereas nineteen SNPs were significantly associated for grain yield per plant. The chromosome 4A, T. durum contig11613 561 SNP depicted the highest significant association for grain yield per pant. These findings offer crucial insights for the genetic enhancement of wheat with improved rust resistance, an essential factor in safeguarding future wheat production against the ongoing threat posed by leaf rust.