Evaluating the Efficacy of a Virtual-Reality-Based Well-being Intervention: Insights from an Indian Study
摘要
Previous studies have used Virtual Reality (VR) technology to provide nature-based interventions (NBIs) in both clinical and non-clinical settings to improve the well-being of individuals. This study used a nature-based VR protocol with positive psychological exercises to enhance college students’ well-being in India. A 5-day adapted version of a Virtual Reality protocol was tested on 97 intervention and 115 waitlist participants in two north Indian cities. Both groups were evaluated on the following scales during pre-testing, post-testing, and one-week follow-up phases: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Scale of Positive And Negative Experiences (SPANE), Social Connectedness Scale (SCS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). A 2 × 3 repeated measures MANOVA revealed no significant multivariate effects of Group, Time, or their interaction across the ten psychological outcomes. Follow-up univariate analyses indicated short-term improvements in anxiety, positive affect, and affect balance, but these effects were not sustained at follow-up. The findings suggest that the brief, smartphone-delivered VR intervention was not effective in producing lasting improvements in well-being. However, participant feedback indicated high engagement and satisfaction, supporting the feasibility of VR-based positive psychology programs as accessible tools for student mental health.