<p> Behavioral health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are increasingly prevalent among working adults in the United States, impacting productivity and increasing employer interest in digital mental health (DMH) products as employee benefits. This systematic review characterized the landscape of available DMH products and evaluated the supporting evidence for their use in employed populations. We searched Google, ChatGPT, and PubMed (April-September 2023) using predefined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Products were included if available in English, offered business-to-business (B2B) services, and focused on mental health. Studies were included if they examined the effects of identified DMH products on employed populations (including students and trainees) and were published in English. Twenty-six DMH products offering features like telehealth psychotherapy, guided meditation, and wellness coaching were identified. Twenty-one studies (sample sizes ranging from 23 to over 2000 participants) examining these products met inclusion criteria, comprising ten randomized controlled trials and eleven single-arm longitudinal or retrospective cohort designs. While some products (e.g., Headspace, Calm, Spring Health) demonstrated modest improvements in well-being and clinical outcomes in some studies, the evidence base is limited by small sample sizes (many &lt;100 participants), a preponderance of uncontrolled studies, and a lack of focus on employer-relevant metrics (e.g., ROI, absenteeism). Furthermore, research on the effectiveness of DMH products for diverse employee populations is lacking. Future research using more rigorous designs, larger and more diverse samples, and a focus on employer-relevant outcomes and diversity considerations is crucial to inform benefit selection and promote equitable access to effective mental health support in the workplace.</p>

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Systematic Review of Digital Mental Health Products for Employees: Features, Evidence, and Gaps in Addressing Diverse Needs

  • Khatiya Chelidze Moon,
  • Robert J. Romano,
  • Sean P. Madden,
  • Lindsy Koroly,
  • Svetlana Levak,
  • Jon Morgenstern,
  • Manish Sapra

摘要

Behavioral health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are increasingly prevalent among working adults in the United States, impacting productivity and increasing employer interest in digital mental health (DMH) products as employee benefits. This systematic review characterized the landscape of available DMH products and evaluated the supporting evidence for their use in employed populations. We searched Google, ChatGPT, and PubMed (April-September 2023) using predefined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Products were included if available in English, offered business-to-business (B2B) services, and focused on mental health. Studies were included if they examined the effects of identified DMH products on employed populations (including students and trainees) and were published in English. Twenty-six DMH products offering features like telehealth psychotherapy, guided meditation, and wellness coaching were identified. Twenty-one studies (sample sizes ranging from 23 to over 2000 participants) examining these products met inclusion criteria, comprising ten randomized controlled trials and eleven single-arm longitudinal or retrospective cohort designs. While some products (e.g., Headspace, Calm, Spring Health) demonstrated modest improvements in well-being and clinical outcomes in some studies, the evidence base is limited by small sample sizes (many <100 participants), a preponderance of uncontrolled studies, and a lack of focus on employer-relevant metrics (e.g., ROI, absenteeism). Furthermore, research on the effectiveness of DMH products for diverse employee populations is lacking. Future research using more rigorous designs, larger and more diverse samples, and a focus on employer-relevant outcomes and diversity considerations is crucial to inform benefit selection and promote equitable access to effective mental health support in the workplace.