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<p>The use of technological tools in Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) aims to enhance adherence to practice and, consequently, amplify their potential benefits. Virtual Reality (VR) has increasingly been incorporated into MBIs to support mindfulness training and facilitate attentional engagement. This study aimed to describe the development and prototyping of a VR-based MBI designed for university students, and to evaluate the acceptability, usability, and workload associated with two VR delivery formats (VR Mobile and VR Traditional Headset). An exploratory, quantitative study was conducted with 52 undergraduate students (mean age = 23.6 ± 3.2&#xa0;years; 71.2% male). Participants were evenly divided between the two VR delivery groups. The MBI-VR demonstrated adequate usability scores (System Usability Scale: mobile = 85.8 ± 8.8; traditional headset = 86.5 ± 7.6; <i>p</i> = 0.80), low workload (NASA Task Load Index: mobile = 7.7 ± 3.3; traditional headset = 6.3 ± 2.6; <i>p</i> = 0.10) and low levels of cybersickness (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: mobile = 0.3 ± 0.3; traditional headset = 0.1 ± 0.2; <i>p</i> = 0.01) across both formats, indicating a positive user experience and feasibility of the intervention among university students. Research exploring the intersection between mindfulness and emerging technologies—particularly VR—is still in its early stages, and its therapeutic potential remains underexplored. As part of this study, we propose a guiding framework for future research and practice in this area, including a checklist that outlines key steps for the development, implementation, and evaluation of VR-based mindfulness interventions.</p>

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Development and Usability of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention in a Virtual Reality Environment with University Students

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Bruna Fernandes-Rocha,
  • Roberta Bacelar Lovato,
  • Anaiis de Menezes Krug,
  • Carlo Smaniotto Mantovani,
  • Régis Kopper,
  • Márcio Sarroglia Pinho,
  • Marcelo Demarzo,
  • Wagner de Lara Machado

摘要

The use of technological tools in Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) aims to enhance adherence to practice and, consequently, amplify their potential benefits. Virtual Reality (VR) has increasingly been incorporated into MBIs to support mindfulness training and facilitate attentional engagement. This study aimed to describe the development and prototyping of a VR-based MBI designed for university students, and to evaluate the acceptability, usability, and workload associated with two VR delivery formats (VR Mobile and VR Traditional Headset). An exploratory, quantitative study was conducted with 52 undergraduate students (mean age = 23.6 ± 3.2 years; 71.2% male). Participants were evenly divided between the two VR delivery groups. The MBI-VR demonstrated adequate usability scores (System Usability Scale: mobile = 85.8 ± 8.8; traditional headset = 86.5 ± 7.6; p = 0.80), low workload (NASA Task Load Index: mobile = 7.7 ± 3.3; traditional headset = 6.3 ± 2.6; p = 0.10) and low levels of cybersickness (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: mobile = 0.3 ± 0.3; traditional headset = 0.1 ± 0.2; p = 0.01) across both formats, indicating a positive user experience and feasibility of the intervention among university students. Research exploring the intersection between mindfulness and emerging technologies—particularly VR—is still in its early stages, and its therapeutic potential remains underexplored. As part of this study, we propose a guiding framework for future research and practice in this area, including a checklist that outlines key steps for the development, implementation, and evaluation of VR-based mindfulness interventions.