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<p>This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of annual temperature variability across all counties in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2000 to 2022, utilizing high-resolution PRISM climate data in conjunction with advanced geospatial modeling techniques. A splined space–time cube framework and Emerging Hotspot Analysis were employed to identify statistically significant patterns of warming and cooling at the county level. The results reveal a pronounced geographic divide in temperature trends: intensifying and persistent hotspots are concentrated in southern and coastal regions, particularly along the Gulf Coast, while coldspot activity has become increasingly evident in counties in the northern CONUS, influenced by polar air masses and atmospheric circulation. Hotspots signify regions undergoing sustained and intensifying warming, while coldspots may indicate areas of relative climate stability or delayed warming responses. These patterns are highly relevant to present climate variability, as they reflect regionally divergent trajectories of climate change and localized responses to broader atmospheric dynamics. The study identified over 5000 intensifying hotspots and more than 2000 persistent coldspots, emphasizing the spatial complexity of temperature change. By offering a detailed classification of temperature trends at a fine spatial resolution, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of localized climate variability and supports more targeted climate adaptation strategies.</p>

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Mapping the heat with spatial trends and emerging temperature hotspots in the Contiguous U.S. (CONUS) counties from 2000 to 2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Al Artat Bin Ali,
  • Chandana Mitra,
  • S. K. Nafiz Rahaman

摘要

This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of annual temperature variability across all counties in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2000 to 2022, utilizing high-resolution PRISM climate data in conjunction with advanced geospatial modeling techniques. A splined space–time cube framework and Emerging Hotspot Analysis were employed to identify statistically significant patterns of warming and cooling at the county level. The results reveal a pronounced geographic divide in temperature trends: intensifying and persistent hotspots are concentrated in southern and coastal regions, particularly along the Gulf Coast, while coldspot activity has become increasingly evident in counties in the northern CONUS, influenced by polar air masses and atmospheric circulation. Hotspots signify regions undergoing sustained and intensifying warming, while coldspots may indicate areas of relative climate stability or delayed warming responses. These patterns are highly relevant to present climate variability, as they reflect regionally divergent trajectories of climate change and localized responses to broader atmospheric dynamics. The study identified over 5000 intensifying hotspots and more than 2000 persistent coldspots, emphasizing the spatial complexity of temperature change. By offering a detailed classification of temperature trends at a fine spatial resolution, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of localized climate variability and supports more targeted climate adaptation strategies.