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<p>Kafka planned to publish his three breakthrough stories from 1912 –&#xa0;<i>The Judgment, The Stoker, The Metamorphosis</i>&#xa0;– together under the title ›The Sons‹. In 1915, he replaced <i>The Stoker </i>with <i>The Penal Colony</i> and intended to call the volume ›Punishments‹. Neither project materialized. However, research has not yet been able to demonstrate the connection between the texts. This article proposes reading the stories as Kafka’s contribution to the discussions about Jewish national literature, as highlighted in particular by the <i>Kunstwart</i>-debate of 1912. From this perspective, the texts reveal Kafka’s pessimistic diagnosis of contemporary Judaism, the continuity of which he believed to be endangered by ignorance, neglect, and assimilation.</p>

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  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Marcel Krings

摘要

Kafka planned to publish his three breakthrough stories from 1912 – The Judgment, The Stoker, The Metamorphosis – together under the title ›The Sons‹. In 1915, he replaced The Stoker with The Penal Colony and intended to call the volume ›Punishments‹. Neither project materialized. However, research has not yet been able to demonstrate the connection between the texts. This article proposes reading the stories as Kafka’s contribution to the discussions about Jewish national literature, as highlighted in particular by the Kunstwart-debate of 1912. From this perspective, the texts reveal Kafka’s pessimistic diagnosis of contemporary Judaism, the continuity of which he believed to be endangered by ignorance, neglect, and assimilation.