<p>Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are ecologically and economically important species facing increasing pressure from overexploitation and habitat degradation. This study aimed to assess the species composition, conservation status, and economic value of sea cucumbers in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, thereby providing baseline data to support effective management planning. Field surveys were conducted at three sites (Labuhan Kuris, Batu Bangka, and Tapan Island) from June to August 2025. Specimens of sea cucumbers were obtained from both fishers and local collectors. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 92 local fishers to gather information on the conservation status, economic value, and population trends of sea cucumbers. A total of 65 species from 10 genera were identified, dominated by <i>Holothuriidae</i> (72.30%), and <i>Stichopodidae</i> (27.70%). Species richness was highest in coral reefs, followed by sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, and rubble areas. According to the IUCN Red List, (41.54%) of the species were categorized as Least Concern and 32.31%, as Data Deficient, while 6.15% were Vulnerable and 9.23% were Endangered. Interview results indicated that 72.41% of respondents perceived a decline in sea cucumber populations, primarily due to overexploitation (64.54%) and habitat degradation (19.35%). A total of 44 sea cucumber species 67.69% possessed commercial value. Economically, most species have high commercial value and serve as a major source of livelihood for coastal communities. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment integrating species composition, habitat characteristics, conservation status, and economic value of sea cucumbers in this region. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing community-based conservation and management programs to ensure the sustainability of this valuable marine resource in Saleh Bay.</p>