New and First Records of Carybdeids Including Irukandji Box Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa; Carybdeida) in the Coral Triangle (the Philippines)
摘要
Given their potent venom and ecological significance, taxonomic studies of box jellyfish are imperative. This study documents the presence of carybdeid box jellyfish in the Philippines, a region within the species-rich Coral Triangle, through in situ observations with high-resolution photography and videography, and citizen science initiatives with digital authentication. Here, the findings enabled the identification of several species of carybdeids, including the first records of Alatina alata, Carybdea cuboides, Malo sp., and Morbakka virulenta and new records for Copula sivickisi and Malo filipina in the Philippines. These records enhance our understanding of the biodiversity and distribution of carybdeid box jellyfish, many of which can potentially induce Irukandji syndrome, in an ecologically relevant and megadiverse area. This paper highlights the benefits of citizen science and in situ examination with vital morphology, texture, and colouration of animals in documenting cubozoans.