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<p>Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and its influence on phytoplankton communities is vital for effective coastal management. This study investigated the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and key water quality parameters to evaluate their potential as environmental health indicators in Parepare Bay, Indonesia. We analyzed comprehensive water quality parameters, including key nutrients (N and P forms), and phytoplankton composition across wet, transitional, and dry seasons, using multivariate statistical and spatial analyses. The study confirms that phytoplankton serve as robust spatiotemporal bio-indicators of water quality, particularly distinguishing estuarine and less freshwater-influenced areas. Salinity and NO<sub>2</sub> were consistently identified as primary overall drivers (ρ ≥ 0.744). Seasonally, high freshwater runoff resulted in high N/P ratios and stratification, favoring motile dinoflagellates and making NO<sub>3</sub> a key wet-season driver. Conversely, pH, NH<sub>3</sub>, and PO<sub>4</sub> dominated the dry season (ρ ≥ 0.634), indicating shifts to nutrient-limited conditions and localized organic accumulation that favored diatom richness. Critical ecological findings include the consistent presence of stress-tolerant <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. and the proliferation of the heterotrophic <i>Protoperidinium</i> sp. near the river mouth, highlighting an immediate need to assess the risk of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Given the pervasive localized influence of aquaculture, implementing Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) through integrated seaweed cultivation is proposed as a validated, effective bioremediation solution. These findings underscore the critical need for zone-specific, seasonally adaptive coastal management to ensure the long-term sustainability of Parepare Bay and provide vital insights for comparable tropical coastal systems.</p>

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Spatiotemporal Water Quality Drivers of Phytoplankton Communities in a Tropical Coastal Ecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Tarunamulia Tarunamulia,
  • Kamariah Kamariah,
  • Ruzkiah Asaf,
  • Mudian Paena,
  • Husnah Husnah,
  • Setiya Triharyuni,
  • Admi Athirah,
  • Hamzah Hamzah

摘要

Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and its influence on phytoplankton communities is vital for effective coastal management. This study investigated the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and key water quality parameters to evaluate their potential as environmental health indicators in Parepare Bay, Indonesia. We analyzed comprehensive water quality parameters, including key nutrients (N and P forms), and phytoplankton composition across wet, transitional, and dry seasons, using multivariate statistical and spatial analyses. The study confirms that phytoplankton serve as robust spatiotemporal bio-indicators of water quality, particularly distinguishing estuarine and less freshwater-influenced areas. Salinity and NO2 were consistently identified as primary overall drivers (ρ ≥ 0.744). Seasonally, high freshwater runoff resulted in high N/P ratios and stratification, favoring motile dinoflagellates and making NO3 a key wet-season driver. Conversely, pH, NH3, and PO4 dominated the dry season (ρ ≥ 0.634), indicating shifts to nutrient-limited conditions and localized organic accumulation that favored diatom richness. Critical ecological findings include the consistent presence of stress-tolerant Oscillatoria sp. and the proliferation of the heterotrophic Protoperidinium sp. near the river mouth, highlighting an immediate need to assess the risk of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Given the pervasive localized influence of aquaculture, implementing Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) through integrated seaweed cultivation is proposed as a validated, effective bioremediation solution. These findings underscore the critical need for zone-specific, seasonally adaptive coastal management to ensure the long-term sustainability of Parepare Bay and provide vital insights for comparable tropical coastal systems.