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<p><i>Belone belone</i> and <i>B. svetovidovi</i> are commercially important epipelagic species for Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. The fact that they spend their entire lives in nearshore habitats and have demersal eggs result in significant exposure to factors such as pollution, habitat loss, and fishing pressure. Since these factors could make their populations vulnerable, having knowledge about the genetic structure of populations of is becoming crucial.</p><p>In this study mitochondrial COI gene sequences were used to examine the genetic structure of North-eastern Mediterranean garfish and short-beaked garfish populations. We analysed a total of 185 and 133 specimens of <i>B. belone</i> and <i>B. svetovidovi</i> respectively, which were collected from the three sub-basins of the Aegean Sea, Sea of Marmara and Black Sea. All populations represented high haplotype diversity values and low nucleotide diversity values. AMOVA demonstrated that the majority of the total molecular variance was found within individuals in analysed population of <i>B. belone</i> and <i>B. svetovidovi</i>. Furthermore, ϕ statistics revealed that no genetic structure was detected among groups for both species. The hypothesis of continuous gene flow between the regions indicated that there are migrants per generation for these analysed congeneric species. However, the unimodal mismatch distribution and positive Tajima <i>D</i> and Fu’s <i>F</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> values observed in <i>B. belone</i> populations, indicate that the Black Sea population <i>B. belone</i> has likely experienced a bottleneck. A multimodal distribution was observed in both the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara populations of <i>B. svetovidovi</i>, which may be indicative of initial population structuring within the species, rather than a reflection of genuinely stable populations.</p><p>The results show that the different populations of these two species have different ecology and therefore, require different conservation and management strategies for both regions and species.</p>

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Two Congeneric Garfish Species (Belone belone and Belone svetovidovi) in the North-Eastern Mediterranean: Key Findings for Sustainable Stock Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Dilruba Seyhan Öztürk,
  • Adnan Çağlar Oruç,
  • Semih Engin

摘要

Belone belone and B. svetovidovi are commercially important epipelagic species for Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. The fact that they spend their entire lives in nearshore habitats and have demersal eggs result in significant exposure to factors such as pollution, habitat loss, and fishing pressure. Since these factors could make their populations vulnerable, having knowledge about the genetic structure of populations of is becoming crucial.

In this study mitochondrial COI gene sequences were used to examine the genetic structure of North-eastern Mediterranean garfish and short-beaked garfish populations. We analysed a total of 185 and 133 specimens of B. belone and B. svetovidovi respectively, which were collected from the three sub-basins of the Aegean Sea, Sea of Marmara and Black Sea. All populations represented high haplotype diversity values and low nucleotide diversity values. AMOVA demonstrated that the majority of the total molecular variance was found within individuals in analysed population of B. belone and B. svetovidovi. Furthermore, ϕ statistics revealed that no genetic structure was detected among groups for both species. The hypothesis of continuous gene flow between the regions indicated that there are migrants per generation for these analysed congeneric species. However, the unimodal mismatch distribution and positive Tajima D and Fu’s Fs values observed in B. belone populations, indicate that the Black Sea population B. belone has likely experienced a bottleneck. A multimodal distribution was observed in both the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara populations of B. svetovidovi, which may be indicative of initial population structuring within the species, rather than a reflection of genuinely stable populations.

The results show that the different populations of these two species have different ecology and therefore, require different conservation and management strategies for both regions and species.