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<p>Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) is a strategic legume for sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, especially in arid regions vulnerable to climate change. Despite its widespread use in Tunisia, local landraces remain underexplored in terms of their biochemical diversity and breeding potential. This study offers an in-depth evaluation of the nutritional and phytochemical assessment of twelve pea genotypes, including eleven indigenous landraces and one commercial cultivar (Baddar), collected from arid southern Tunisia. Seeds were evaluated for protein (20.03–27.10%), total phenolics (29.62–95.30&#xa0;mg GAE 100&#xa0;g<sup>− 1</sup> DW), flavonoids (3.54–44.70&#xa0;mg QE 100&#xa0;g<sup>− 1</sup> DW), condensed tannins (7.21–65.25&#xa0;mg CE 100&#xa0;g<sup>− 1</sup> DW), and antioxidant activity (TAC: 6.92–15.23&#xa0;mg GAE g<sup>− 1</sup> DW; FRAP: 8.33–22.13%). Significant variation was also observed in mineral content (e.g., K: 6670–12342&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>; Fe: 40.4–79.4&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>), oil composition (1.17–3.54% lipid; up to 81.8% unsaturated fatty acids), fiber fractions (NDF: 33.66–47.19%), and soluble sugars (27.25–63.81&#xa0;g kg<sup>− 1</sup>, mainly sucrose). Purple-flowered genotypes, notably LA-MedP2, LA-MedP4 and LA-GabP11, exhibited higher phenolic and antioxidant levels, whereas white-flowered types such as Baddar and LA-GabP12 showed superior protein content. Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated a tendency to group genotypes according to flower color and biochemical traits, rather than showing a strict or complete separation. Results from the correlation analysis revealed significant and strong inverse relationships between phenolics and protein (<i>r</i> = − 0.73), and between antioxidants and sugar (<i>r</i> = − 0.81). These findings underline the biochemical richness and adaptive potential of Tunisian pea germplasm, offering valuable targets for breeding nutrient-dense, and providing useful material for further evaluation under dryland agricultural conditions.</p>

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Comprehensive phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity, and nutritional characterization of indigenous pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes adapted to arid farming systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Amina Mohamed,
  • Tahar Ghnaya,
  • Walid Elfalleh,
  • Samir Tlahig,
  • Jamila Yehmed Moussa,
  • Belgacem Lachiheb,
  • Mohamed Loumerem

摘要

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a strategic legume for sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, especially in arid regions vulnerable to climate change. Despite its widespread use in Tunisia, local landraces remain underexplored in terms of their biochemical diversity and breeding potential. This study offers an in-depth evaluation of the nutritional and phytochemical assessment of twelve pea genotypes, including eleven indigenous landraces and one commercial cultivar (Baddar), collected from arid southern Tunisia. Seeds were evaluated for protein (20.03–27.10%), total phenolics (29.62–95.30 mg GAE 100 g− 1 DW), flavonoids (3.54–44.70 mg QE 100 g− 1 DW), condensed tannins (7.21–65.25 mg CE 100 g− 1 DW), and antioxidant activity (TAC: 6.92–15.23 mg GAE g− 1 DW; FRAP: 8.33–22.13%). Significant variation was also observed in mineral content (e.g., K: 6670–12342 mg kg− 1; Fe: 40.4–79.4 mg kg− 1), oil composition (1.17–3.54% lipid; up to 81.8% unsaturated fatty acids), fiber fractions (NDF: 33.66–47.19%), and soluble sugars (27.25–63.81 g kg− 1, mainly sucrose). Purple-flowered genotypes, notably LA-MedP2, LA-MedP4 and LA-GabP11, exhibited higher phenolic and antioxidant levels, whereas white-flowered types such as Baddar and LA-GabP12 showed superior protein content. Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated a tendency to group genotypes according to flower color and biochemical traits, rather than showing a strict or complete separation. Results from the correlation analysis revealed significant and strong inverse relationships between phenolics and protein (r = − 0.73), and between antioxidants and sugar (r = − 0.81). These findings underline the biochemical richness and adaptive potential of Tunisian pea germplasm, offering valuable targets for breeding nutrient-dense, and providing useful material for further evaluation under dryland agricultural conditions.