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<p>The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of an economical hydraulic road binder (HRB) formulated using pozzolan and phosphogypsum as sustainable alternatives for soil stabilization. The base formulation contained 70% pozzolan, 10% clinker, 15% limestone, and 5% gypsum, with partial replacements of clinker by pozzolan and gypsum by phosphogypsum. Among the tested mixtures, formulation F6 was identified as the optimized binder, combining no clicker content with superior mechanical and long-term reactivity. The optimized binder was then tested on soil from the earthquake-affected El Haouz region (Marrakech, Morocco) to assess its impact on physicochemical and mechanical properties. The study examined the bearing capacity of soil treated with the manufactured HRB, its durability under wetting/drying cycles, and the evolution of mechanical strength at different curing periods (i.e., 7, 28, 56, and 90 days). The results showed that the formation of calcium silicate hydrate was the primary hydration product responsible for strength development. The treatment suitability tests indicated that the optimal treatments, T2, T8 and particularly T20 were effective stabilization strategies, achieving compressive strengths of 2.96, 2.50 and 3.61&#xa0;MPa at 56 days, respectively, with a Brazilian tensile strength (Rtb) values greater than 0.20&#xa0;MPa and volumetric swelling (Gv) below 5%. This research highlights the dual benefits of the proposed HRB: promoting the sustainable valorization of industrial by-products and providing an economical, low-carbon alternative to conventional cement for soil stabilization.</p>

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Valorization of industrial by-product for the manufacture of hydraulic road binders: feasibility, durability and the effects on the mechanical properties of soil in the Moroccan Haouz region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Tarik Tamri,
  • Achraf Harrati,
  • Ahmed Manni,
  • Chaimaa El Omary,
  • Aboubakar Moustapha,
  • Ayoub Belafkih,
  • Ali Sdiri,
  • Hanane Ait Hmeid,
  • Chaouki Sadik

摘要

The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of an economical hydraulic road binder (HRB) formulated using pozzolan and phosphogypsum as sustainable alternatives for soil stabilization. The base formulation contained 70% pozzolan, 10% clinker, 15% limestone, and 5% gypsum, with partial replacements of clinker by pozzolan and gypsum by phosphogypsum. Among the tested mixtures, formulation F6 was identified as the optimized binder, combining no clicker content with superior mechanical and long-term reactivity. The optimized binder was then tested on soil from the earthquake-affected El Haouz region (Marrakech, Morocco) to assess its impact on physicochemical and mechanical properties. The study examined the bearing capacity of soil treated with the manufactured HRB, its durability under wetting/drying cycles, and the evolution of mechanical strength at different curing periods (i.e., 7, 28, 56, and 90 days). The results showed that the formation of calcium silicate hydrate was the primary hydration product responsible for strength development. The treatment suitability tests indicated that the optimal treatments, T2, T8 and particularly T20 were effective stabilization strategies, achieving compressive strengths of 2.96, 2.50 and 3.61 MPa at 56 days, respectively, with a Brazilian tensile strength (Rtb) values greater than 0.20 MPa and volumetric swelling (Gv) below 5%. This research highlights the dual benefits of the proposed HRB: promoting the sustainable valorization of industrial by-products and providing an economical, low-carbon alternative to conventional cement for soil stabilization.