<p>Mole rats (<i>Spalax ehrenbergi</i> Nehring 1898), fossorial rodents well adapted to arid and semi-arid environments, primarily consume underground plant parts. Their burrowing and foraging behaviors provide important ecosystem services by modifying soil properties, such as aeration, nutrient redistribution, and organic matter incorporation, which contribute to enhanced soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. This study investigated the impact of mole rat activity on soil chemical characteristics in agricultural lands of the Benghazi Plain, Libya. We hypothesized that mole rat activity enhances soil fertility by increasing organic matter content and nutrient availability in occupied sites compared with nearby unoccupied soils. A total of 64 soil samples were collected from occupied sites and unoccupied control sites, located approximately 5&#xa0;m from active burrows, matched for similar habitat conditions, and showing no visible signs of mole rate disturbance. Soil analyzes focused on organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient content. Occupied sites had significantly higher levels of organic matter, nitrogen, and magnesium, while pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, potassium, and sodium were slightly higher but not significant, suggesting a consistent but moderate enrichment effect that may not be strong enough to reach statistical significance at this scale. In contrast, phosphorus concentrations showed no difference between site types. Overall, these results indicate that mole rat activity enhances soil fertility in a spatially heterogeneous manner, contributing to fine-scale edaphic variability in arid agroecosystems.</p>