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<p>This study investigates the mechanical, durability and hygrothermal properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) reinforced with untreated and treated red-algae fibers. Two distinct treatments were applied separately: an alkaline treatment using sodium bicarbonate and a double coating with linseed oil and metakaolin. Fibers were incorporated at 1.5 wt%. Mechanical performance was assessed through compressive and flexural strength tests, durability through abrasion, erosion, suction, and contact tests, and hygrothermal behaviour through thermal conductivity and Moisture Buffer Value (MBV) measurements. The incorporation of untreated fibers slightly reduced mechanical strength compared to unreinforced CEBs. The sodium bicarbonate treatment improved compressive and flexural strengths by 23% and 14%, reaching 5.01&#xa0;MPa and 0.87&#xa0;MPa, while the double coating yielded the highest performance with 5.28&#xa0;MPa and 0.96&#xa0;MPa. X-ray tomography analysis revealed a 67% reduction in interfacial voids with treated fibers, confirming enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion. Regarding durability, treated fibers significantly improved abrasion resistance, with coefficients of 0.051 and 0.040&#xa0;g/cm² for sodium bicarbonate and double coating treatments, respectively, compared to 0.078&#xa0;g/cm² for untreated fibers. Treated fibers also reduced erosion depth and limited water penetration and surface cracking. Thermal conductivity was reduced by 17%, 13%, and 8% with untreated, sodium bicarbonate-treated, and double-coated fibers, respectively. All formulations exhibited excellent hygroscopic behaviour, with MBV values ranging from 2.30 to 2.81&#xa0;g/(m².%RH). In conclusion, surface treatments enhance fiber–matrix compatibility, significantly improving the mechanical, durability, and hygrothermal performance of CEBs, highlighting the potential of treated algae fibers as sustainable reinforcements in earthen construction.</p>

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Comprehensive performance of compressed earth bricks reinforced with raw and treated red algae “Gelidium sesquipedale” fibers: mechanical strength, durability, and hygrothermal properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Soukayna Talibi,
  • Jonathan Page,
  • Chafika Djelal,
  • Latifa Saâdi

摘要

This study investigates the mechanical, durability and hygrothermal properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) reinforced with untreated and treated red-algae fibers. Two distinct treatments were applied separately: an alkaline treatment using sodium bicarbonate and a double coating with linseed oil and metakaolin. Fibers were incorporated at 1.5 wt%. Mechanical performance was assessed through compressive and flexural strength tests, durability through abrasion, erosion, suction, and contact tests, and hygrothermal behaviour through thermal conductivity and Moisture Buffer Value (MBV) measurements. The incorporation of untreated fibers slightly reduced mechanical strength compared to unreinforced CEBs. The sodium bicarbonate treatment improved compressive and flexural strengths by 23% and 14%, reaching 5.01 MPa and 0.87 MPa, while the double coating yielded the highest performance with 5.28 MPa and 0.96 MPa. X-ray tomography analysis revealed a 67% reduction in interfacial voids with treated fibers, confirming enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion. Regarding durability, treated fibers significantly improved abrasion resistance, with coefficients of 0.051 and 0.040 g/cm² for sodium bicarbonate and double coating treatments, respectively, compared to 0.078 g/cm² for untreated fibers. Treated fibers also reduced erosion depth and limited water penetration and surface cracking. Thermal conductivity was reduced by 17%, 13%, and 8% with untreated, sodium bicarbonate-treated, and double-coated fibers, respectively. All formulations exhibited excellent hygroscopic behaviour, with MBV values ranging from 2.30 to 2.81 g/(m².%RH). In conclusion, surface treatments enhance fiber–matrix compatibility, significantly improving the mechanical, durability, and hygrothermal performance of CEBs, highlighting the potential of treated algae fibers as sustainable reinforcements in earthen construction.