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<p>Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) landraces represent an important reservoir of genetic diversity that can be exploited to improve yield stability and disease resistance under Mediterranean environmental conditions. In this study, phenological, agro-morphological, physiological, yield-related, and pathological traits were evaluated in ten representative genotypes of the Tunisian barley landrace ‘Ardhaoui’ under field conditions during the 2023–2024 growing season. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with ten replications, considering individual plants as experimental units. Significant genotypic variation was observed for several traits, including heading date, plant height, tillering capacity, grain yield, and disease response. Grain yield exhibited a strong positive correlation with fertile tiller number (<i>r</i> = 0.94, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), tiller fertility rate, thousand-grain weight, flag leaf area, and chlorophyll content. Principal component analysis explained 73.4% of the total phenotypic variation and effectively discriminated among high-performing genotypes. Genotypes V3 and V7 exhibited superior yield potential (&gt; 100 q ha⁻¹), whereas V4 displayed complete resistance to five major fungal diseases. In addition, the early-heading genotype V10 revealed potential for drought escape. These results highlight the significant breeding potential of Tunisian barley landraces for the development of climate-resilient cultivars adapted to Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.</p>

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Phenotypic variation, yield components, and disease resistance in Tunisian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces under Mediterranean field conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Monia Ezzine,
  • Marwa Rezgui,
  • Chiraz Chaffei Haouari

摘要

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces represent an important reservoir of genetic diversity that can be exploited to improve yield stability and disease resistance under Mediterranean environmental conditions. In this study, phenological, agro-morphological, physiological, yield-related, and pathological traits were evaluated in ten representative genotypes of the Tunisian barley landrace ‘Ardhaoui’ under field conditions during the 2023–2024 growing season. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with ten replications, considering individual plants as experimental units. Significant genotypic variation was observed for several traits, including heading date, plant height, tillering capacity, grain yield, and disease response. Grain yield exhibited a strong positive correlation with fertile tiller number (r = 0.94, p < 0.01), tiller fertility rate, thousand-grain weight, flag leaf area, and chlorophyll content. Principal component analysis explained 73.4% of the total phenotypic variation and effectively discriminated among high-performing genotypes. Genotypes V3 and V7 exhibited superior yield potential (> 100 q ha⁻¹), whereas V4 displayed complete resistance to five major fungal diseases. In addition, the early-heading genotype V10 revealed potential for drought escape. These results highlight the significant breeding potential of Tunisian barley landraces for the development of climate-resilient cultivars adapted to Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.