<p>The aim of this geophysical study is to contribute to understanding the hydrogeological functioning of water sources in the Ribat el Kheir plateau, Middle Atlas, and the role of the geological structures that govern their emergence, in particular the sources of Aïn Kassioua, Aïn Alla, Aïn Tibakhbakhine and Aïn Timguenai. Two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was carried to characterize the subsurface geology, delineate lithological contacts, and identify tectonic structures, with inversions mapping true resistivity distributions that distinguish resistive formations (Liassic limestones, Paleozoic shales), moderately resistive units (Triassic basalts), and conductive zones (Triassic clays). Analysis of the 4 ERT profiles consistently revealed that spring emergences are directly associated with geological discontinuities, particularly fault zones and lithological contacts. Aïn Kassioua’s spring is located at a NW-SE fault-delimited interface between Triassic clays and Liassic limestones, Aïn Alla’s springs emerging at similar limestone-clay contacts influenced by NE-SW faults, Aïn Tibakhbakhine’s spring within an E-W graben system, and Aïn Timguenai’s springs controlled by NE-SW faults where impermeable Triassic clays act as hydraulic barriers. These results highlight the essential role of brittle tectonics in controlling groundwater flow paths and the location of springs, and confirm that ERT is a highly effective geophysical tool for understanding the hydrogeological functioning of water sources in the Middle Atlas Mountains, whose waters play a vital role in the sedentarisation of populations and the preservation of natural heritage.</p>