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<p>The release of synthetic dyes such as MB (methylene blue) is a real environmental problem due to their high toxicity, chemical stability, and resistance to aqueous environments. As part of this study, we examined the use of two natural clays, one based mainly on quartz called “Qz clay” and the other based mainly on calcite-quartz called “Cal-Qz clay”, from western Morocco, with the aim of using them as abundant, inexpensive, and environmental-friendly adsorbents to eliminate MB in aqueous systems. The first part of the study focused on the textural and structural properties of the clay samples, which were analyzed using BET analysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Other analyses, such as scanning electron microscopy with EDX detection and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were also performed. These properties, combined with their local availability, highlight their potential as viable candidates for effluent treatment. To optimize conditions, adsorption tests were carried out, which yielded optimal results using 0.06&#xa0;g of Qz clay and 0.015&#xa0;g of Cal-Qz clay. Kinetic analysis shows that the pseudo-second order equation best describes the adsorption of MB on both clays, reflecting chemisorption processes. Intraparticle diffusion analysis demonstrated a single-phase diffusion mechanism in the case of Qz clay, while a two-step diffusion mechanism was identified for Cal-Qz clay, confirming the predominance of pseudo-second order kinetics, particularly for Qz clay. Studies devoted to adsorption isotherms show that the most representative model of this phenomenon characteristic of monolayer adsorption is that of Langmuir (followed by those of Freundlich and Temkin). Furthermore, SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses conducted after adsorption enable the structure and surface of clays to be characterized and reveal significant morphological and chemical changes that contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of interaction with MB molecules. These results confirm the effectiveness and performance of these two Moroccan clays as adsorbent materials for the decontamination of water polluted with MB, offering an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.</p>

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Comparative adsorption of methylene blue on quartz clay and calcite-quartz clay from Morocco: overview based on kinetics, isotherms, and surface characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Zineb El Kerdoudi,
  • Jaouad Bensalah,
  • A. El Rhilassi,
  • T. Laabaissi,
  • N. Ferraa,
  • I. El Meskini,
  • A. Mazzah,
  • Abdelkader Zarrouk,
  • N. El Mejdoub

摘要

The release of synthetic dyes such as MB (methylene blue) is a real environmental problem due to their high toxicity, chemical stability, and resistance to aqueous environments. As part of this study, we examined the use of two natural clays, one based mainly on quartz called “Qz clay” and the other based mainly on calcite-quartz called “Cal-Qz clay”, from western Morocco, with the aim of using them as abundant, inexpensive, and environmental-friendly adsorbents to eliminate MB in aqueous systems. The first part of the study focused on the textural and structural properties of the clay samples, which were analyzed using BET analysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Other analyses, such as scanning electron microscopy with EDX detection and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were also performed. These properties, combined with their local availability, highlight their potential as viable candidates for effluent treatment. To optimize conditions, adsorption tests were carried out, which yielded optimal results using 0.06 g of Qz clay and 0.015 g of Cal-Qz clay. Kinetic analysis shows that the pseudo-second order equation best describes the adsorption of MB on both clays, reflecting chemisorption processes. Intraparticle diffusion analysis demonstrated a single-phase diffusion mechanism in the case of Qz clay, while a two-step diffusion mechanism was identified for Cal-Qz clay, confirming the predominance of pseudo-second order kinetics, particularly for Qz clay. Studies devoted to adsorption isotherms show that the most representative model of this phenomenon characteristic of monolayer adsorption is that of Langmuir (followed by those of Freundlich and Temkin). Furthermore, SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses conducted after adsorption enable the structure and surface of clays to be characterized and reveal significant morphological and chemical changes that contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of interaction with MB molecules. These results confirm the effectiveness and performance of these two Moroccan clays as adsorbent materials for the decontamination of water polluted with MB, offering an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.