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<p>Soil salinization is a risk affecting many irrigated lands. Field investigation techniques are quite expensive and require a lot of time to implement. Remote sensing is an effective and inexpensive tool that can provide several types of information on soil, vegetation, topography and climate. In this study, the use of remote sensing (Salinity Index, Iron Index, Vegetation Index, topography, climatic features) and field measurements such as electrical conductivity (EC) were joined to better understand the spatial variability of soil salinity in the lower Mejerda Valley. The ordinary co-kriging modelling generated a soil salinity map by combining field measurement and remote data to enhance salinity estimation and adjust random sampling bias. The main results show that areas classified as slightly and moderately saline remain predominant (90.3%). However, 9.7% of the land is classified as highly and extremely saline. The agricultural practices play a major role in the soil salt distribution. The use of drainage water and highly saline water for irrigation, the excessive use of fertilizers and the irrigation by sprinkler or gravity, strongly contribute to soil salinity increase. Spectral indexes showed a strong correlation between salinity and topography, suggesting a leaching of evaporate mineral-rich outcrops. Iron, as a plant nutrient, is well correlated with the plant density and crop health. Changes in climatic parameters such as lower rainfall and increased evaporation could have an increasing impact on the salinization risk. This study’s results confirmed the interest of remote sensing combined with geostatiscal modelling for soil salinity assessing and digital soil mapping.</p>

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Geostatistical and remote sensing methods for digital soil mapping and soil salinity assessment in the Northeast of Tunisia—influence of climate change

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Feyda Srarfi,
  • Mohamed Salah Hamdi,
  • Zaineb Hajammar,
  • Noura Guesmi

摘要

Soil salinization is a risk affecting many irrigated lands. Field investigation techniques are quite expensive and require a lot of time to implement. Remote sensing is an effective and inexpensive tool that can provide several types of information on soil, vegetation, topography and climate. In this study, the use of remote sensing (Salinity Index, Iron Index, Vegetation Index, topography, climatic features) and field measurements such as electrical conductivity (EC) were joined to better understand the spatial variability of soil salinity in the lower Mejerda Valley. The ordinary co-kriging modelling generated a soil salinity map by combining field measurement and remote data to enhance salinity estimation and adjust random sampling bias. The main results show that areas classified as slightly and moderately saline remain predominant (90.3%). However, 9.7% of the land is classified as highly and extremely saline. The agricultural practices play a major role in the soil salt distribution. The use of drainage water and highly saline water for irrigation, the excessive use of fertilizers and the irrigation by sprinkler or gravity, strongly contribute to soil salinity increase. Spectral indexes showed a strong correlation between salinity and topography, suggesting a leaching of evaporate mineral-rich outcrops. Iron, as a plant nutrient, is well correlated with the plant density and crop health. Changes in climatic parameters such as lower rainfall and increased evaporation could have an increasing impact on the salinization risk. This study’s results confirmed the interest of remote sensing combined with geostatiscal modelling for soil salinity assessing and digital soil mapping.