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<p>In the building sector, most materials used are produced through energy-demanding processes that do not contribute to reducing building carbon emissions. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing more sustainable building materials that require less energy to produce and generate lower emissions is essential. This work presents the characterization of a composite brick made from clay, stabilized with apricot shell powder—an agricultural waste product—and reinforced with plaster, intended for use in the construction industry. This material can be used to manufacture eco-friendly bricks. The main aim is to optimize thermo-hygrometric characteristics to enhance building efficiency. Thermal conductivity analysis provides a better understanding of its thermal behavior. The experimental results of the thermo-physical and hygroscopic characterization indicate that the matrix material demonstrates particularly low thermal conductivity, due to additives such as plaster and apricot shell powder, which help improve thermal characteristics. The material, composed of 60% clay, 30% plaster, and 10% apricot shells, exhibits the most beneficial thermal properties. When the proportion of apricot shell powder is maintained at 10%, a plaster content of 30% reduces thermal conductivity by approximately 27% compared to pure clay. A hygroscopic study based on the static gravimetric method shows that the sorbed moisture increases with relative humidity and decreases with temperature. A hysteresis phenomenon was observed between the desorption and adsorption curves. The sorption isotherms are categorized as type IV according to IUPAC, and the Enderby, Caurie, and GAB models fit the experimental data well. The mineralogical analysis also confirms a macropore-dominated porous structure. These results affirm this bio-based material’s ecological and energetic potential for sustainable construction applications.</p>

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Development of sustainable building material based on clay and apricot waste: thermal and hygroscopic properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Assia Labair,
  • Zakaria Tagnamas,
  • Lahcen El Moutaouakil,
  • Mohammed Boukendil,
  • Younes Bahammou

摘要

In the building sector, most materials used are produced through energy-demanding processes that do not contribute to reducing building carbon emissions. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing more sustainable building materials that require less energy to produce and generate lower emissions is essential. This work presents the characterization of a composite brick made from clay, stabilized with apricot shell powder—an agricultural waste product—and reinforced with plaster, intended for use in the construction industry. This material can be used to manufacture eco-friendly bricks. The main aim is to optimize thermo-hygrometric characteristics to enhance building efficiency. Thermal conductivity analysis provides a better understanding of its thermal behavior. The experimental results of the thermo-physical and hygroscopic characterization indicate that the matrix material demonstrates particularly low thermal conductivity, due to additives such as plaster and apricot shell powder, which help improve thermal characteristics. The material, composed of 60% clay, 30% plaster, and 10% apricot shells, exhibits the most beneficial thermal properties. When the proportion of apricot shell powder is maintained at 10%, a plaster content of 30% reduces thermal conductivity by approximately 27% compared to pure clay. A hygroscopic study based on the static gravimetric method shows that the sorbed moisture increases with relative humidity and decreases with temperature. A hysteresis phenomenon was observed between the desorption and adsorption curves. The sorption isotherms are categorized as type IV according to IUPAC, and the Enderby, Caurie, and GAB models fit the experimental data well. The mineralogical analysis also confirms a macropore-dominated porous structure. These results affirm this bio-based material’s ecological and energetic potential for sustainable construction applications.