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<p>The assessment of water quality status has emerged as a critical concern in public policy frameworks globally. This study evaluated the water quality at three dams situated in northeastern Algeria: Cheffia, Maxa, and Oued Charef dams during the year 2024. By employing the water quality index (WQI) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) to assess water quality, the study captured both seasonal and spatial variations, thereby unveiling novel patterns in the dynamics of water quality in northeastern Algeria. The analysis scrutinized 16 parameters (encompassing hydrochemical, nutrient, and chemical contaminants), juxtaposing them against both the Algerian regulatory limit (ARL) and the guidelines established by the world health organization (WHO). The findings indicated that the water quality across all dams remained within acceptable thresholds (WQI: 37.3–91.5), albeit occasional exceedances in turbidity and certain mineral concentrations were noted. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of water quality in semi-arid regions, while addressing pollution reduction and integrated water resources management, thus contributing to sustainable development goal (SDG) 6 by bolstering initiatives aimed at ensuring access to clean water and improving water quality. Cheffia showed persistent turbidity exceedance 10.6 to 53 NTU over the 5 NTU limit, Maxa showed elevated conductivity 1,061 to 1,530 µS per cm above the 1,000 µS per cm guideline and mean magnesium 52.62&#xa0;mg per L above the 50&#xa0;mg per L guideline, and Oued Charef had the widest nitrate range 6.27 to 33.75&#xa0;mg per L below the 50&#xa0;mg per L limit. PCA resolved two drivers, PC1 mineralization and salinity, and PC2 nutrients and particulates, explaining 46.18% of the variance. WQI was higher in winter than in summer across sites.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Water quality in northeastern algeria: empirical investigations utilizing the water quality index alongside principal component analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Soundous Dahlab,
  • Neama Derhab,
  • Zakaria Elkhwesky,
  • Hafidha Rahmoune,
  • Gama Rivas Daru,
  • Zhou Yuqin

摘要

The assessment of water quality status has emerged as a critical concern in public policy frameworks globally. This study evaluated the water quality at three dams situated in northeastern Algeria: Cheffia, Maxa, and Oued Charef dams during the year 2024. By employing the water quality index (WQI) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) to assess water quality, the study captured both seasonal and spatial variations, thereby unveiling novel patterns in the dynamics of water quality in northeastern Algeria. The analysis scrutinized 16 parameters (encompassing hydrochemical, nutrient, and chemical contaminants), juxtaposing them against both the Algerian regulatory limit (ARL) and the guidelines established by the world health organization (WHO). The findings indicated that the water quality across all dams remained within acceptable thresholds (WQI: 37.3–91.5), albeit occasional exceedances in turbidity and certain mineral concentrations were noted. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of water quality in semi-arid regions, while addressing pollution reduction and integrated water resources management, thus contributing to sustainable development goal (SDG) 6 by bolstering initiatives aimed at ensuring access to clean water and improving water quality. Cheffia showed persistent turbidity exceedance 10.6 to 53 NTU over the 5 NTU limit, Maxa showed elevated conductivity 1,061 to 1,530 µS per cm above the 1,000 µS per cm guideline and mean magnesium 52.62 mg per L above the 50 mg per L guideline, and Oued Charef had the widest nitrate range 6.27 to 33.75 mg per L below the 50 mg per L limit. PCA resolved two drivers, PC1 mineralization and salinity, and PC2 nutrients and particulates, explaining 46.18% of the variance. WQI was higher in winter than in summer across sites.

Graphical abstract