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<p>The intensive use of pesticides in the province of Larache leads to soil contamination, disrupting non-target organisms inhabiting the soil. This study is among the first in the Loukkos region to combine environmental measurements of pesticide concentrations with an ecological risk assessment across 28 sites. A total of 24 pesticide residues were detected, and two complementary approaches were applied to characterize their ecotoxicological risks: the Risk Quotient (RQ) and the Toxicity–Exposure Ratio (TER). Results showed that all soil samples were contaminated, with the rural commune of Souaken displaying the highest residue levels, reaching up to 328.008&#xa0;µg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides were chlorpyrifos-ethyl, malathion, thiacloprid, azoxystrobin, fenamiphos, and cypermethrin, with concentrations ranging from 1.928 to 328.008&#xa0;µg/kg. RQ values indicated very high sensitivity and unacceptable risks for certain compounds, particularly cypermethrin (RQ = 93.716), fenamiphos (RQ = 46.780), isazofos (RQ = 18.210), and malathion (RQ = 18.128). According to the TER approach, fenamiphos represented the highest risk, while other pesticides showed low risk. Overall, organophosphorus pesticides were the main contributors to the ecological risks observed, highlighting a significant threat to earthworms and soil health in the Loukkos agroecosystem.</p>

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Study of ecotoxicological risks related to the use of pesticides on soil organisms in the Loukkos area (Larache, Morocco)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Ahmed bagayou,
  • Ahlem hamdache,
  • Yassine diane,
  • Mohammed ezziyyani

摘要

The intensive use of pesticides in the province of Larache leads to soil contamination, disrupting non-target organisms inhabiting the soil. This study is among the first in the Loukkos region to combine environmental measurements of pesticide concentrations with an ecological risk assessment across 28 sites. A total of 24 pesticide residues were detected, and two complementary approaches were applied to characterize their ecotoxicological risks: the Risk Quotient (RQ) and the Toxicity–Exposure Ratio (TER). Results showed that all soil samples were contaminated, with the rural commune of Souaken displaying the highest residue levels, reaching up to 328.008 µg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides were chlorpyrifos-ethyl, malathion, thiacloprid, azoxystrobin, fenamiphos, and cypermethrin, with concentrations ranging from 1.928 to 328.008 µg/kg. RQ values indicated very high sensitivity and unacceptable risks for certain compounds, particularly cypermethrin (RQ = 93.716), fenamiphos (RQ = 46.780), isazofos (RQ = 18.210), and malathion (RQ = 18.128). According to the TER approach, fenamiphos represented the highest risk, while other pesticides showed low risk. Overall, organophosphorus pesticides were the main contributors to the ecological risks observed, highlighting a significant threat to earthworms and soil health in the Loukkos agroecosystem.