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<p>The growing demand for water and increasing pollution of freshwater resources highlight the urgent need for sustainable and effective water treatment methods. This study examines the use of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (FG) seeds as natural coagulants-flocculants to treat wastewater from green olive brine, a by-product of the olive oil industry. MO and FG seeds were ground into powder and added to the wastewater at an optimal concentration of 150&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹. The treatment consisted of stirring at 1,000&#xa0;rpm for 3&#xa0;min, then at 800&#xa0;rpm for 20&#xa0;min for MO, and at 900&#xa0;rpm for 3&#xa0;min, then at 700&#xa0;rpm for 20&#xa0;min for FG. The physicochemical characterization of the wastewater was performed before and after treatment. Both coagulants-flocculants significantly reduced turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), and trace metals. Turbidity decreased from 1,980 NTU in the control to 734 NTU. Fenugreek achieved significant reductions, decreasing COD from 2,397&#xa0;mg O2·L⁻¹ to 1,323&#xa0;mg O2·L⁻¹, TSS from 5.33&#xa0;mg·L-1 to 2.02&#xa0;mg·L-1, and nitrogen from 147.6&#xa0;mg·L-1 to 65.2&#xa0;mg·L-1. MO was also effective, reducing TSS from 5.33&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹ to 3.66&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹ and nitrites from 188.5&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹ to 0.38&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹. The salinity of the water was not significantly affected by treatment with either coagulant-flocculant. Infrared spectroscopy revealed notable changes in the chemical composition of the wastewater. Although the results are promising, additional purification steps, such as ultrafiltration, may be necessary for olive fermentation and brine reuse, as coagulation-flocculation does not remove the dissolved ions responsible for salinity. These ions, which are very small and stable in solution, cannot be captured or neutralized by traditional coagulants or flocculants. This study highlights the potential of MO and FG seeds as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to chemical coagulants and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize their integration into advanced treatment systems. It highlights the potential of natural coagulants as economical and sustainable alternatives to chemical coagulants, while emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their integration into advanced treatment systems. This original approach reinforces the scientific value of the work. In addition, for industrial-scale applications, the regeneration and reuse of the biomass used must be taken into account.</p>

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Sustainable treatment of table olive brine wastewater using plant-based coagulants-flocculants from Moringa oleifera and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Farah Abidi,
  • Nidhal Marzougui,
  • Tasnim Djebbi,
  • Insaf Touil,
  • Walid Oueslati,
  • Sonia Sabbahi,
  • Mokhtar Hamdi

摘要

The growing demand for water and increasing pollution of freshwater resources highlight the urgent need for sustainable and effective water treatment methods. This study examines the use of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (FG) seeds as natural coagulants-flocculants to treat wastewater from green olive brine, a by-product of the olive oil industry. MO and FG seeds were ground into powder and added to the wastewater at an optimal concentration of 150 mg·L⁻¹. The treatment consisted of stirring at 1,000 rpm for 3 min, then at 800 rpm for 20 min for MO, and at 900 rpm for 3 min, then at 700 rpm for 20 min for FG. The physicochemical characterization of the wastewater was performed before and after treatment. Both coagulants-flocculants significantly reduced turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), and trace metals. Turbidity decreased from 1,980 NTU in the control to 734 NTU. Fenugreek achieved significant reductions, decreasing COD from 2,397 mg O2·L⁻¹ to 1,323 mg O2·L⁻¹, TSS from 5.33 mg·L-1 to 2.02 mg·L-1, and nitrogen from 147.6 mg·L-1 to 65.2 mg·L-1. MO was also effective, reducing TSS from 5.33 mg·L⁻¹ to 3.66 mg·L⁻¹ and nitrites from 188.5 mg·L⁻¹ to 0.38 mg·L⁻¹. The salinity of the water was not significantly affected by treatment with either coagulant-flocculant. Infrared spectroscopy revealed notable changes in the chemical composition of the wastewater. Although the results are promising, additional purification steps, such as ultrafiltration, may be necessary for olive fermentation and brine reuse, as coagulation-flocculation does not remove the dissolved ions responsible for salinity. These ions, which are very small and stable in solution, cannot be captured or neutralized by traditional coagulants or flocculants. This study highlights the potential of MO and FG seeds as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to chemical coagulants and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize their integration into advanced treatment systems. It highlights the potential of natural coagulants as economical and sustainable alternatives to chemical coagulants, while emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their integration into advanced treatment systems. This original approach reinforces the scientific value of the work. In addition, for industrial-scale applications, the regeneration and reuse of the biomass used must be taken into account.