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<p>Constructed wetlands (CWs) provide a scalable, low-energy, and eco-friendly solution for Wastewater Treatment (WWT). Wadi Shuieb, Jordan, the CW under study, treats the wastewater that originates from Al-Salt WWT plant. The WWT plant is expected to increase the discharge of the reclaimed wastewater due to which it is important to know whether the Wadi Shuieb CW can handle this capacity since it is important not to burden the existing system. In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of Wadi Shuieb CW in terms of physico-chemical and microbial parameters. For this study, a wetland (surface area 160 sq. meters) was constructed containing multiple layers of gravel and sand and the water flow was ensured after planting the native species such as <i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Typha latifolia</i>. Water samples were collected on a weekly basis and were analyzed for physicochemical parameters using colorimetric method. Further, the microbial analysis was conducted using real-time PCR method. Paired t-test, ANOVA and other relevant analyses were conducted. The outcomes revealed a significant reduction in the contamination of microbes up to or more than 95% over six months while the outcomes comply with the World Health Organization regulations in terms of quality of the treated wastewater for agricultural usage. An increase in the dissolved oxygen was observed while the rest of the physicochemical parameters showcased a significant decline. These findings indicate that the treated wastewater is suitable for agricultural applications as per the Jordanian standards for treated wastewater reuse (JS 893/2021). In light of these findings, the study advocates for a Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus approach, emphasizing the critical importance of integrating wastewater treatment with sustainable management of water, food, and ecosystems. The results demonstrate the potential of the CWs to mitigate microbial risks and enhance the quality of the treated wastewater, thus contributing to a sustainable and health-based WEFE Nexus framework.</p>

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Performance evaluation of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for sustainable wastewater treatment and agricultural reuse in arid regions: a WEFE nexus approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Raha Alassaf,
  • Abdel Razzaq Al-Tawaha,
  • Abdalmajeed M. Alajlouni

摘要

Constructed wetlands (CWs) provide a scalable, low-energy, and eco-friendly solution for Wastewater Treatment (WWT). Wadi Shuieb, Jordan, the CW under study, treats the wastewater that originates from Al-Salt WWT plant. The WWT plant is expected to increase the discharge of the reclaimed wastewater due to which it is important to know whether the Wadi Shuieb CW can handle this capacity since it is important not to burden the existing system. In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of Wadi Shuieb CW in terms of physico-chemical and microbial parameters. For this study, a wetland (surface area 160 sq. meters) was constructed containing multiple layers of gravel and sand and the water flow was ensured after planting the native species such as Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia. Water samples were collected on a weekly basis and were analyzed for physicochemical parameters using colorimetric method. Further, the microbial analysis was conducted using real-time PCR method. Paired t-test, ANOVA and other relevant analyses were conducted. The outcomes revealed a significant reduction in the contamination of microbes up to or more than 95% over six months while the outcomes comply with the World Health Organization regulations in terms of quality of the treated wastewater for agricultural usage. An increase in the dissolved oxygen was observed while the rest of the physicochemical parameters showcased a significant decline. These findings indicate that the treated wastewater is suitable for agricultural applications as per the Jordanian standards for treated wastewater reuse (JS 893/2021). In light of these findings, the study advocates for a Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus approach, emphasizing the critical importance of integrating wastewater treatment with sustainable management of water, food, and ecosystems. The results demonstrate the potential of the CWs to mitigate microbial risks and enhance the quality of the treated wastewater, thus contributing to a sustainable and health-based WEFE Nexus framework.