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<p>Efficient and sustainable waste management is a critical global challenge to ensure environmental preservation and promote sustainable development. This research explored the potential of using phosphogypsum waste, generated by Morocco's phosphate industry, as a pore-former, in manufacturing clay bricks that are both environmentally sustainable and thermally efficient. The primary objective is to manufacture fired bricks with enhanced thermal, microstructural, and mechanical properties, while preserving the use of natural clays. Various clay–PG mixtures, incorporating up to 40&#xa0;wt.% PG, were carefully formulated, dried, and fired at 950 and 1050&#xa0;°C. The engineering properties of the block bricks produced were thoroughly assessed, encompassing bulk density, apparent porosity, loss on ignition (LOI), microstructural analysis, water absorption, firing shrinkage, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength (specifically compressive strength). The results established that the addition of phosphogypsum in the block bricks raised porosity and lowered density, hence reducing thermal conductivity. Specifically, at 20% PG content, thermal conductivity values showed a 21% decrease, dropping from 0.43 to 0.34&#xa0;W/m&#xa0;K. Numerical simulations of two-dimensional brick specimens were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to predict thermophysical characteristics, with subsequent validation against empirical data. Numerical simulations confirmed experimental observations, revealing that phosphogypsum incorporation lowered temperature diffusion rates, resulting in superior thermal insulation characteristics. This approach offers a sustainable solution for managing industrial phosphate waste, while enhancing thermal efficiency, energy-savings, and environmental sustainability of fired clay bricks. </p>

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Optimizing thermal efficiency and environmental sustainability of fired clay bricks through Moroccan phosphogypsum incorporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Walid Abouloifa,
  • Mohammed Ettaki,
  • Zineb Faiz,
  • Said Sghir,
  • Sanaa Hayani Mounir

摘要

Efficient and sustainable waste management is a critical global challenge to ensure environmental preservation and promote sustainable development. This research explored the potential of using phosphogypsum waste, generated by Morocco's phosphate industry, as a pore-former, in manufacturing clay bricks that are both environmentally sustainable and thermally efficient. The primary objective is to manufacture fired bricks with enhanced thermal, microstructural, and mechanical properties, while preserving the use of natural clays. Various clay–PG mixtures, incorporating up to 40 wt.% PG, were carefully formulated, dried, and fired at 950 and 1050 °C. The engineering properties of the block bricks produced were thoroughly assessed, encompassing bulk density, apparent porosity, loss on ignition (LOI), microstructural analysis, water absorption, firing shrinkage, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength (specifically compressive strength). The results established that the addition of phosphogypsum in the block bricks raised porosity and lowered density, hence reducing thermal conductivity. Specifically, at 20% PG content, thermal conductivity values showed a 21% decrease, dropping from 0.43 to 0.34 W/m K. Numerical simulations of two-dimensional brick specimens were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to predict thermophysical characteristics, with subsequent validation against empirical data. Numerical simulations confirmed experimental observations, revealing that phosphogypsum incorporation lowered temperature diffusion rates, resulting in superior thermal insulation characteristics. This approach offers a sustainable solution for managing industrial phosphate waste, while enhancing thermal efficiency, energy-savings, and environmental sustainability of fired clay bricks.