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<p>Morocco is considered among the Mediterranean countries that produce olive oil. Unfortunately, olive oil production is annually accompanied by a massive quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW), significantly impacting the biosphere. Without sustainable solutions for OMW treatment, most OMW producers discharge it into rivers and open surfaces, threatening aquatic and environmental systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the environmental impact of OMW and to present various treatment methods and their efficacy, including physical, chemical, biological, and combined processes to reduce its toxicity. Notably, the findings highlight that combined treatment methods demonstrate superior efficiency compared to individual approaches, offering a more effective solution for mitigating the environmental hazards of OMW. Overall, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of OMW management and offers valuable insights for practitioners, researchers and regulators involved in OMW management. It also focuses on the future challenges of olive oil production in Morocco and a solution for the exploitation of OMW.</p>

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Innovative approaches to olive mill wastewater management: prospects and opportunities in Morocco and the Mediterranean region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月17日

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  • Reda Askouri,
  • Hasna Hamdane,
  • Mohamed Moussetad,
  • Rhma Adhiri

摘要

Morocco is considered among the Mediterranean countries that produce olive oil. Unfortunately, olive oil production is annually accompanied by a massive quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW), significantly impacting the biosphere. Without sustainable solutions for OMW treatment, most OMW producers discharge it into rivers and open surfaces, threatening aquatic and environmental systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the environmental impact of OMW and to present various treatment methods and their efficacy, including physical, chemical, biological, and combined processes to reduce its toxicity. Notably, the findings highlight that combined treatment methods demonstrate superior efficiency compared to individual approaches, offering a more effective solution for mitigating the environmental hazards of OMW. Overall, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of OMW management and offers valuable insights for practitioners, researchers and regulators involved in OMW management. It also focuses on the future challenges of olive oil production in Morocco and a solution for the exploitation of OMW.